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A test facility for hypervelocity rarefied flows
Macrossan, Michael N., Chiu, H.- H. and Mee, David J. (2001). A test facility for hypervelocity rarefied flows. In: Timothy J. Bartel and Michael A. Gallis 22nd International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics (AIP Conference Proceedings), Sydney, Australia, (772-779). 9-14 July, 2000.
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Attached Files
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Description |
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Size |
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n4004.pdf
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n4004.pdf
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application/pdf
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215.18KB
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419
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| Author
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Macrossan, Michael N.
Chiu, H.- H.
Mee, David J.
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| Title of paper
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A test facility for hypervelocity rarefied flows
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| Conference Paper Type
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Fully Published Paper
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| Conference name
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22nd International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics (AIP Conference Proceedings)
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| Conference location
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Sydney, Australia
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| Conference dates
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9-14 July, 2000
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| Journal name
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Rarefied Gas Dynamics Check publisher's open access policy
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| Editor
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Timothy J. Bartel
Michael A. Gallis
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| Place published
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USA
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| Publisher
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American Institute of Physics
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| Publication date
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2001
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| Volume number
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585
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| ISBN
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0-7354-0025-3
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| ISSN
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0094-243X
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| Start page
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772
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| End page
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779
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| Total pages
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8
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| Language
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eng
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| Abstract/Summary
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This paper describes a rarefied hypervelocity test facility producing gas speeds greater than 7 km/s. The X1 expansion tube at the University of Queensland has been used to produce nitrogen flows at 8.9 and 9.5 km/s with test flow durations of 50 and 40 microsecondÂs respectively. Rarefied flow is indicated by values of the freestream breakdown parameter > 0.1 (Cheng's rarefaction parameter < 10) and freestream Knudsen numbers up to 0.038, based on a model size of 9 mm. To achieve this, the test gas is expanded from the end of the acceleration tube into a dump tank. Nominal conditions in the expansion are derived from CFD predictions. Measured bar gauge (Pitot) pressures show that the flow is radially uniform when the Pitot pressure has decreased by a factor ten. The measured bar gauge pressures are an increasing fraction of the expected Pitot pressure as the rarefaction parameters increase.
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| Subjects
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240502 Fluid Physics
290299 Aerospace Engineering not elsewhere classified
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| Keyword
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Rarefied flow
Experiments
Pitot pressure
Impulse facility
High energy
Breakdown parameter
Cheng's parameter
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| References
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1. Bird, G A. "Rarefied gas dynamics and the direct simulation of gas flows" Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1994. 2. Borque, B. "Development of a hypervelocity wind tunnel for rarefied flows", Undergraduate thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Queensland, 1999. 3. Cheng, H K. "Hypersonic shock-layer theory of the stagnation region at low Reynolds Number" Proc 1961 Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Institute (Stanford University Press, Stanford, California), 1961. 4. Clayden, W A. "The ARDE low-density wind tunnel" 1st Int Symposium Rarefied Gas Dynamics (ed Devine), 21, Pergamon Press 1958. 5. Coleman, G T, Metcalf, S C and Berry, C J. "Heat transfer to hemisphere cylinders and bluff cylinders between continuum and free molecular limits" 10th Int Symposium Rarefied Gas Dynamics (ed Potter), Part I, 393, 1977. 6. Gupta, R Yos, J M, Thompson, R A and Lee, K-P. "A review of reaction rates and thermodynamic and transport properties for the 11-species air model for chemical and thermal non-equilibrium calculations to 30000K" NASA TM-101528, 1989. 7. Hurlbut, F C. "Techniques of measurement, flow visualisation". 1st Int Symposium Rarefied Gas Dynamics (ed Devine), 55, Pergamon Press 1958. 8. Jacobs, P A. "MB_CNS: A computer program for the simulation of transient Compressible Flows," Department of Mechanical Engineering Report 1/89, University of Queensland, 1989. 9. Kewley, D J and Hornung, H G. "Free-piston shock-tube study of nitrogen dissociation". Chem Phys Lett 25, 531, 1974. 10. Macrossan, M. N. "A particle simulation method for the BGK equation", presented at 22nd Int Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics, Sydney July 2000a. 11. Macrossan, M. N. "A particle-only hybrid method for near continuum flows", presented at 22nd Int Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics, Sydney July 2000b. 12. Muntz, E P. "Rarefied gas dynamics", Ann Rev Fluid Mech, 21, 387, 1989. 13. Neely, A. "Experimental and analytical study of a pilot superorbital expansion tube for aerothermodynamic testing to 13 km/s in air". Ph D Thesis, The University of Queensland, 1996. 14. Neely, A, Morgan, R. "The superorbital expansion tube concept, experiment and analysis". Aero J, March 1994, 97, 1994. 15. Schaaf, S A and Chambre, P L. "Flow of rarefied gases". High speed Aerodynamics and Jet Propulsion Series, III (H). Princeton University Press, 1949. 16. Smith, A L, Mee, D J . "Dynamic strain measurement using piezoelectric polymer film". J Strain Anal, 31(6), 463, 1996. 17. Tsein, H S. "Superaerodynamics, mechanics of rarefied gases". J Aero Sci, 13, 342, 1946.
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| Q-Index Code
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E1
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| Q-Index Status
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Provisional Code
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| Institutional Status
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Unknown
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Cited 
