Genomics and the respiratory effects of air pollution exposure

Holloway, John W., Francis, Santiyagu, Fong, Kwun M. and Yang, Ian A. (2012) Genomics and the respiratory effects of air pollution exposure. Respirology, 17 4: 590-600.


Author Holloway, John W.
Francis, Santiyagu
Fong, Kwun M.
Yang, Ian A.
Title Genomics and the respiratory effects of air pollution exposure
Journal name Respirology  (ERA 2012 Listed)    (ERA 2010 Rank C)   Check publisher's open access policy
Publication date 2012-05
Sub-type Review of research - research literature review (NOT book review
DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2012.02164.x
Volume number 17
Issue number 4
ISSN 1323-7799; 1440-1843
Start page 590
End page 600
Total pages 11
Place of publication Richmond, Vic., Australia
Publisher Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
Collection year 2013
Language eng
Formatted abstract Adverse health effects from air pollutants remain important, despite improvement in air quality in the past few decades. The exact mechanisms of lung injury from exposure to air pollutants are not yet fully understood. Studying the genome (e.g. single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) ), epigenome (e.g. methylation of genes), transcriptome (mRNA expression) and microRNAome (microRNA expression) has the potential to improve our understanding of the adverse effects of air pollutants. Genome-wide association studies of SNP have detected SNP associated with respiratory phenotypes; however, to date, only candidate gene studies of air pollution exposure have been performed. Changes in epigenetic processes, such DNA methylation that leads to gene silencing without altering the DNA sequence, occur with air pollutant exposure, especially global and gene-specific methylation changes. Respiratory cell line and animal models demonstrate distinct gene expression signatures in the transcriptome, arising from exposure to particulate matter or ozone. Particulate matter and other environmental toxins alter expression of microRNA, which are short non-coding RNA that regulate gene expression. While it is clearly important to contain rising levels of air pollution, strategies also need to be developed to minimize the damaging effects of air pollutant exposure on the lung, especially for patients with chronic lung disease and for people at risk of future lung disease. Careful study of genomic responses will improve our understanding of mechanisms of lung injury from air pollution and enable future clinical testing of interventions against the toxic effects of air pollutants.
Keyword Air pollution
Epigenetics
Genomics
Lung diseases
Single-nucleotide Polymorphism
Q-Index Code C1
Q-Index Status Confirmed Code
Institutional Status UQ

Document type: Journal Article
Sub-type: Review of research - research literature review (NOT book review
Collections: Official 2013 Collection
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