How to optimise antimicrobial prescriptions in the Intensive Care Unit: principles of individualised dosing using pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

Roberts, Jason A., Joynt, Gavin M., Choi, Gordon Y.S., Gomersall, Charles D. and Lipman, Jeffrey (2012) How to optimise antimicrobial prescriptions in the Intensive Care Unit: principles of individualised dosing using pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 39 3: 187-192.


Author Roberts, Jason A.
Joynt, Gavin M.
Choi, Gordon Y.S.
Gomersall, Charles D.
Lipman, Jeffrey
Title How to optimise antimicrobial prescriptions in the Intensive Care Unit: principles of individualised dosing using pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
Journal name International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents  (ERA 2012 Listed)    (ERA 2010 Rank B)   Check publisher's open access policy
Publication date 2012-03
Sub-type Review of research - research literature review (NOT book review
DOI 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.11.002
Volume number 39
Issue number 3
ISSN 0924-8579; 1872-7913
Start page 187
End page 192
Total pages 6
Place of publication Amsterdam, Netherlands
Publisher Elsevier
Collection year 2013
Language eng
Abstract Optimising antimicrobial dosing for critically ill patients is highly challenging and when it is not achieved can lead to worse patient outcomes. To this end, use of dosing regimens recommended in package inserts from drug manufacturers is frequently insufficient to guide dosing in these patients appropriately. Whilst the effect of critical illness pathophysiology on the pharmacokinetic (PK) behaviour of antimicrobials can be profound, the variability of these changes between patients is still being quantified. The PK effects of hypoproteinaemia, organ dysfunction and the presence of augmented renal clearance may lead to plasma antimicrobial concentrations that are difficult to predict at the bedside, which may result in excess toxicity or suboptimal bacterial killing. This paper outlines the factors that affect pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients and how knowledge of these factors can increase the likelihood of achieving optimal antimicrobial plasma concentrations. In selected settings, we advocate individualised dosing of renally cleared antimicrobials using physiological data such as measured creatinine clearance and published non-renal clearance data. Where such data do not exist, therapeutic drug monitoring may be a useful alternative and has been associated with significant clinical benefits, although it is not currently widely available.
Keyword Antibiotic
Organ dysfunction
Pharmacodynamics
Dosing
Therapeutic drug monitoring
Glomerular filtration rate
Creatinine clearance
Q-Index Code C1
Q-Index Status Confirmed Code
Institutional Status UQ
Additional Notes Available online 9 January 2012.

Document type: Journal Article
Sub-type: Review of research - research literature review (NOT book review
Collections: Official 2013 Collection
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