Carbon sequestration and soil fertility of tropical tree plantations and secondary forests in Vietnam

Sang Phan (2008). Carbon sequestration and soil fertility of tropical tree plantations and secondary forests in Vietnam PhD Thesis, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland.

       
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Author Sang Phan
Thesis Title Carbon sequestration and soil fertility of tropical tree plantations and secondary forests in Vietnam
School, Centre or Institute School of Biological Sciences
Institution The University of Queensland
Publication date 2008-09
Thesis type PhD Thesis
Supervisor Susanne Schmidt
Peter Erskine
Total pages 140
Total colour pages 1
Total black and white pages 139
Subjects 07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences
Abstract/Summary Substantial areas of degraded land need to be restored to provide goods such as fuel wood, timber, as well as ecological services including biodiversity, soil protection and hydrological services. The conventional way to rapidly increase forest cover and attain high timber productivity is to use monoculture timber plantations. Many monoculture plantations, including those involving exotic species, have been successfully used for these various purposes. Although monoculture plantations pose some ecological problems they can be productive and sustainable if they are carefully managed. This thesis has two overall objectives 1) to qualify timber yield, biomass growth and carbon sequestration dynamics (including soil C) in different plantations in Vietnam and from these results propose optimal rotations and management systems to provide sustainable productivity and maximise carbon sequestration in plantations; 2) to evaluate the impacts of different land uses and forest covers on soil properties and fertility in Vietnam. Most of the work was done in plantations of Eucalyptus urophylla, Acacia mangium, Pinus merkusii and in secondary forests and pastures. Two approaches were used for modelling plantation growth and soil C dynamics in plantations. One approach used allometric equations combined with a carbon dynamic model (CO2FIX) and the other used the 3-PG process model. Results from both approaches highlighted the unsustainable consequences of short rotation plantations, particularly those using Eucalyptus urophylla which had negative impacts on soil properties and fertility when managed using short rotations. By contrast, Acacia mangium and Pinus merkusii are better than Eucalyptus urophylla in supplying multiple products and improving soil fertility. At the early stages of their development (the first 20 y), secondary forests and A. mangium plantations did not have different effects on soil properties in five soil types at different locations in Vietnam. Individually, the main effect of forest’s biomass on soil properties was found in both A. mangium plantations and secondary forests, with increasing biomass having a positive impact on key soil properties. Soil types have distinguished characteristics on different soil properties and plantation age and latitude have significant impacts on some soil properties. There is a need for a system of long-term permanent plots established over a wider scale for future studies. Such a system would be preferable to the pair-wise comparisons that had to be used in this work. Future researchers should pay attention to the establishment of these permanent plots as the data collected from such system will be extremely valuable to understand ecological dynamics and interactions between vegetation and soil nutrients.
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