List of Records in National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology Publications - UQ eSpace http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/ The University of Queensland en Fez http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss Absence of p53 mutations in mammary gland preneoplastic and adenocarcinomas tissues of rats exposed to activated ptaquiloside http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:150749 2008-06-06T16:45:54Z Shahin, M. og Smith, B. L. og Prakash, A. S. Access to drinking-water and arsenicosis in Bangladesh http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:119765 The discovery of arsenic contamination in groundwater has challenged efforts to provide safe drinking-water to households in rural Bangladesh. Two nationally-representative surveys in 2000 and 2002 investigated water-usage patterns, water-testing, knowledge of arsenic poisoning, and behavioural responses to arsenic contamination. Knowledge of arsenicosis rose between the two surveys among women from 42% to 64% but awareness of consequences of arsenic remained limited; only 13% knew that it could lead to death. Behavioural responses to arsenic have been limited, probably in part because of the lack of concern but also because households are uncertain of how best to respond and have a strong preference for tubewell water even when wells are known to be contaminated. Further work conducted by the survey team highlighted the difficulties in providing alternative sources of water, with many households switching back to their original sources of water. 2007-10-17T15:30:38Z Caldwell, Bruce K. og Smith, Wayne T. og Lokuge, Kamalini og Ranmuthugala, Geetha og Dear, Keith og Milton, Abul H. og Sim, Malcolm R. og Ng, Jack C. og Mitra, S. N. Accumulation and toxicity of monophenyl arsenicals in rat endothelial cells http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:76392 Clark 1 (diphenylarsine chloride) and Clark 2 ( diphenylarsine cyanide) were used as chemical weapon agents (CWA), and the soil contamination by these CWA and their degraded products, diphenyl and phenyl arsenicals, has been one of the most serious environmental issues. In a series of comparisons in toxicity between trivalent and pentavalent arsenicals we investigated differences in the accumulation and toxicity of phenylarsine oxide (PAO(3+)) and phenylarsonic acid (PAA(5+)) in rat heart microvascular endothelial cells. Both the cellular association and toxicity of PAO(3+) were much higher than those of PAA(5+), and LC50 values of PAO(3+) and PAA(5+) were calculated to be 0.295 muM and 1.93 mM, respectively. Buthionine sulfoximine, a glutathione depleter, enhanced the cytotoxicity of both PAO(3+) and PAA(5+). N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) reduced the cytotoxicity and induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA in PAO(3+)-exposed cells, while NAC affected neither the cytotoxicity nor the HO-1 mRNA level in PAA(5+)-exposed cells. The effect of NAC may be due to a strong affinity of PAO(3+) to thiol groups because both NAC and GSH inhibited the cellular accumulation of PAO(3+), but PAA(3+) increased tyrosine phosphorylation levels of cellular proteins. These results indicate that the inhibition of protein phosphatases as well as the high affinity to cellular components may confer PAO(3+) the high toxicity. 2007-08-15T06:26:50Z Hirano, S. og Kobayashi, Y. og Hayakawa, T. og Cui, X. og Yamamoto, M. og Kanno, S. og Shraim, A. A commentary on the impacts of metals and metalloids in the environment upon the metabolism of drugs and chemicals http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:71823 The salient feature of metals is that unlike organic compounds they do not degrade in the environment and barely move from one environmental matrix to another. Human interventions take these compounds from their stable and non-bioavailable geological matrix into situations of biological accessibility. Studies in the 1970s and the 1980s of metal bioavailability and impacts of metals and metalloids were driven by the process of abatement of lead in the environment. Humans have clear and identifiable sources of exposure from fuels, food and leaded water pipes to lead. Interventions started at that time have dramatically lowered human lead exposure. Attention has now shifted to other metals, in particular, cadmium, which has seen increasing use. It is generally accepted that food crops grown on cadmium containing soils or soils naturally rich in this metal are the major source of exposure to humans other than exposure from smoking of cigarettes. This mini-review gives a summary and commentary on early studies on effects of lead on haem metabolism that provide us the clue to why investigations of the impacts of other toxic heavy metals and metalloids such as cadmium and arsenic on different human cytochrome P450 forms have become of great interest at the current time. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. 2007-08-15T04:02:37Z Moore, M. R. A comparative evaluation of the phytotoxicity of Thames estuary and Brisbane river surface waters http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:160347 2009-01-12T10:01:40Z Bengtson Nash, S. M. og Mueller, J. F. A Comparison of Potential Soil Movement Characteristics of Various Bifenthrin Formulations on Sandy Loam Soil Report 5 - December 2005 http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:84548 2007-08-14T13:45:44Z Hasthorpe, A. og Noller, B. N. A controlled feeding trial to evaluate the potential for arsenic accumulation in beef cattle http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:98051 2007-08-24T01:42:14Z Bruce, S. L. og Noller, B. N. og Ng, J. C. A critical review of the effects of gold cyanide-bearing tailings solutions on wildlife http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:136406 Wildlife deaths associated with cyanide-bearing mine waste solutions have plagued the gold mining industries for many years, yet there is little published data showing the relationship between wildlife mortality and cyanide toxicity. A gap of knowledge exists in monitoring, understanding the causal relationships and managing risks to wildlife from cyanide-bearing waste solutions and tailings. There is a need for the gold industry to address this issue and to meet the International Cyanide Management Code (ICMC) guidelines. The perceived extent of the issue varies, with one study finding the issue inadequately monitored and wildlife deaths grossly underestimated. In Nevada, USA during 1990 and 1991, 9512 carcasses were reported of over 100 species, although there was underestimation due to reporting being voluntary. Of these, birds comprised 80–91% of vertebrate carcasses reported annually. At Northparkes, Australia in 1995, it was initially estimated that 100 bird carcasses were present by mine staff following a tailings incident; when a thorough count was conducted, 1583 bird carcasses were recorded. Eventually, 2700 bird deaths were documented over a four-month period. It is identified that avian deaths are usually undetected and significantly underestimated, leading to a perception that a risk does not exist. Few guidelines and information are available to manage the risks of cyanide to wildlife, although detoxification, habitat modification and denying wildlife access have been used effectively. Hazing techniques have proven ineffective. Apparently no literature exists that documents accurate wildlife monitoring protocols on potentially toxic cyanide-bearing mine waste solutions or any understanding on the analysis of any derived dataset. This places the onus on mining operations to document that no risk to wildlife exists. Cyanide-bearing tailings storage facilities are environmental control structures to contain tailings, a standard practice in the mining industry. Cyanide concentrations below 50 mg/L weak-acid-dissociable (WAD) are deemed safe to wildlife but are considered an interim benchmark for discharge into tailings storage facilities (TSFs). Cyanide is a fast acting poison, and its toxicity is related to the types of cyanide complexes that are present. Cyanide in biota binds to iron, copper and sulfur-containing enzymes and proteins required for oxygen transportation to cells. The accurate determination of cyanide concentrations in the field is difficult to achieve due to sampling techniques and analytical error associated with loss and interferences following collection. The main WAD cyanide complexes in gold mine tailings are stable in the TSF environment but can release cyanide ions under varying environmental conditions including ingestion and absorption by wildlife. Therefore distinction between free, WAD and total cyanide forms in tailings water for regulatory purposes is justified. From an environmental perspective, there is a distinction between ore bodies on the basis of their copper content. For example, wildlife deaths are more likely to occur at mines possessing copper–gold ores due to the formation of copper–cyanide complexes which is toxic to birds and bats. The formation of copper–cyanide complex occurs preferentially to gold cyanide complex indicating the relative importance of economic vs. environmental considerations in the tailings water. Management of cyanide to a perceived threshold has inherent risks since cyanide has a steep toxicity response curve; is difficult to accurately measure in the field; and is likely to vary due to variable copper content of ore bodies and ore blending. Consequently, wildlife interaction needs to be limited to further reduce the risks. A gap in knowledge exists to design or manage cyanide-bearing mine waste solutions to render such facilities unattractive to at-risk wildlife species. This gap may be overcome by understanding the wildlife behaviour and habitat usage of cyanide-bearing solutions. 2008-04-28T11:33:29Z Donato, D. B. og Nichols, O. og Possingham, H. og Moore, M. og Ricci, P. F. og Noller, B. N. A critique of PCA's system to control aflatoxin. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:101544 2007-08-23T20:14:33Z Noller, B. N. Acute Effects of Recreational Exposure to Freshwater Cyanobacteria - a Prospective Epidemiology Study http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:103002 2007-08-23T21:17:54Z Stewart, I. og Webb, P. M. og Schluter, P. J. og Fleming, L.E. og Burns Jr., J.W. og Gantar, M. og Backer, L.C. og Shaw, G. R. Acute intermittent porphyria: alternative splicing of hydroxymethylbilane synthase mRNA excludes exons 3 and 12 http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:34910 The hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) mRNAs from 44 control individuals and 30 patients suffering from acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), were screened for length differences by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and any abnormalities were characterized by direct sequencing. Examination of the mRNAs extracted from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the samples revealed varying degrees of alternative splicing, involving the removal of exons 3 and 12. Approximately 10-50% of the mRNA molecules were affected, despite the absence of genomic splice site mutations or any major deviance from consensus splice sequence values. The preliminary data obtained from this study suggest that this event is a normal occurrence in peripheral blood lymphocytes, and may not be associated with the molecular pathology responsible for AIP. (C) 1998 Academic Press Limited. 2007-08-13T10:29:34Z Ong, PML og Lanyon, WG og Moore, MR og Connor, JM Acute intermittent porphyria: the in vitro expression of mutant hydroxymethylbilane synthase http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:57881 Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an inborn error of haem biosynthesis caused by a variety of mutations in the gene coding for hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMB-S). The entire coding sequence of this gene, from each of three South African AIP patients, was therefore screened for mutations using chemical cleavage mismatch (CCM) analysis and any changes detected characterized by DNA sequencing. Three single base changes were identified; a G(77) to A in exon 3, a C-346 to T in exon 8 and a G(518) to A in exon 10. These missense mutations, previously reported to be present in other populations, are known to be responsible for the structurally deleterious amino acid replacements R26H, R116W and R173Q, respectively. The in vitro expression of the enzymes containing these mutations and the subsequent measurement of their specific activities revealed a reduction to approximately 4% of normal activity. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. 2007-08-13T16:57:59Z Ong, PML og Lanyon, WG og Graham, G og Hift, RJ og Halkett, J og Moore, MR og Connor, JM Acute oral toxicity of pectlnotoxin-2 Seco acid and 7 epi-pectl-notoxin-2 Seco acid in mice http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:95948 2007-08-24T00:06:53Z Burgess, V. og Seawright, A. A. og Shaw, G. R. og Moore, M. Acute Porphyria - A Toxicogenetic Disease http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:97565 2007-08-24T01:21:03Z Moore, M. og Hift, R.J. A decision -making process to manage the impact of mine waste on aminal species following site rehabilitation to ensure ecosystem sustainability http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:105025 2007-08-23T22:46:12Z Noller, B N og Bruce, S. L. og Ng, J C A decision-making process to manage the impact of mine waste on animal species following site rehabilitation to ensure ecosystem sustainabililty http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:103050 2007-08-23T21:19:54Z Noller, B. N. og Bruce, S. L. og Ng, J. C. A decision-making tool to minimise environmental and public health risk of pesticide application http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:104661 2007-08-23T22:31:48Z Dorr, G. J. og Noller, B N og Hewitt, A J og Hanan, J S og Adkins, S W A desktop human health risk assessment of Arsenic and Lead in soil at woodcutters mine site http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:174490 2009-04-08T09:53:34Z Bruce, Scott L. og Ng, Jack C. og Noller, Barry N. A desktop Human Health Risk Assessment of Arsenic and Lead in Soil at Woodcutters Mine Site http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:84440 2007-08-14T13:42:03Z Bruce, S. L. og Ng, J. C. og Noller, B. N. A Desktop Risk Assessment of Natural Arsenic Occurrence at Enoggera Barracks - a Defence Housing Authority Site http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:84012 2007-08-14T13:25:42Z Ng, J. C. og Moore, M. Adverse Health Effects of Chronic Exposure to Low-Level Cadmium in Foodstuffs and Cigarette Smoke http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:71687 Cadmium is a cumulative nephrotoxicant that is absorbed into the body from dietary sources and cigarette smoking. The levels of Cd in organs such as liver and kidney cortex increase with age because of the lack of an active biochemical process for its elimination coupled with renal reabsorption. Recent research has provided evidence linking Cd-related kidney dysfunction and decreases in bone mineral density in nonoccupationally exposed populations who showed no signs of nutritional deficiency. This challenges the previous view that the concurrent kidney and bone damage seen in Japanese itai-itai disease patients was the result of Cd toxicity in combination with nutritional deficiencies, notably, of zinc and calcium. Further, such Cd-linked bone and kidney toxicities were observed in people whose dietary Cd intakes were well within the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) set by the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives of 1 mug/kg body weight/day or 70 mug/day. This evidence points to the much-needed revision of the current PTWI for Cd. Also, evidence for the carcinogenic risk of chronic Cd exposure is accumulating and Cd effects on reproductive outcomes have begun to emerge. 2007-08-15T03:59:44Z Moore, M. R. og Satarug, S. A field comparison of ethylene vinyl acetate and low-density polyethylene thin films for equilibrium phase passive air sampling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:137272 Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were compared as thin film polymer passive air samplers for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These samplers were co-deployed for periods of up to 27 days at an urban field site in Brisbane. Despite demonstrated air side resistance to mass transfer, sampling rate ratios indicate rapid accumulation kinetics for EVA compared with LDPE. Confirming theoretically predicted values, sampler-air partition coefficients were greater for EVA as compared with LDPE. The relatively high capacity of EVA films may be an advantage in terms of sensitivity, when film thickness and hence amounts accumulated at equilibrium, are low. Predictions of times to effective equilibrium were made for a nominal film thickness of 1 μm. These predictions indicate that both types of films would be effective equilibrium phase samplers for predominantly vapour phase PAHs with log octanol-air partition coefficients values of 8.7 (pyrene). Despite comparatively rapid linear stage kinetics for EVA, the predicted times to effective equilibrium for PAHs are less for LDPE. This arises due to the relative magnitude of their respective KSA values. The predicted times to equilibrium (25 °C) for pyrene for example are approximately 94 and 34 days for EVA and LDPE, respectively. 2008-05-02T15:01:43Z Kennedy, K. og Hawker, D. W. og Mueller, J. M. og Bartkow, M. E. og Truss, R. W. A field study conducted at Kidston Gold Mine, to evaluate the impact of arsenic and zinc from mine tailing to grazing cattle http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:63537 The grazing trial at Kidston Gold Mine, North Queensland, was aimed specifically to assess the uptake of metals from the tailing and the potential for unacceptable contamination of saleable meat. Further aims included estimating metal dose rates and identifying potential exposure pathways including plant uptake of heavy metals, mine tailings adhered to plants and direct ingestion of mine tailing. It was found that of the 11 metals analysed (As, Zn, Co, Cd, Cr, Sn, Pb, Sb, Hg, Se and Ni) in the animal's liver, muscle and blood during the 8-month trial period, only accumulation of arsenic and zinc occurred. A risk assessment including these two metals was conducted to determine the potential for chronic metal toxicity and long-term contamination, using the estimates of metal dose rate. It was concluded that no toxicity or long-term contamination in cattle was likely at this site. Management procedures were therefore not required at this site; however, the results highlight percent ground cover and standing dry matter (DM) as important factors in decreasing metal exposure from direct ingestion of tailings and dust adhered to plants. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. 2007-08-14T18:34:41Z Bruce, S.L. og Noller, B.N. og Grigg, A.H. og Mullen, B.F. og Mulligan, D.R. og Ritchie, P.J. og Currey, N. og Ng, J.C. A field study to evaluate the impact of arsenic and lead from mine tailings to grazing cattle http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:174574 2009-04-08T11:35:01Z Bruce, S. L. og Noller, B. N. og Grigg, A. og Mullen, B. og Mulligan, D. og Ritchie, P. J. og Currey, N. og Ng, J. C. A field study to evaluate the impact of arsenic and lead from mine tailings to grazing cattle http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:174562 2009-04-08T11:24:16Z Bruce, S. L. og Noller, B. N. og Ng, J. C. A follow-up study to evaluate health outcome in a Chinese population 16 years after the mitigation of arsenic http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:174653 2009-04-08T13:41:15Z Ng, Jack A global health problem caused by arsenic from natural sources http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:66029 Arsenic is a carcinogen to both humans and animals. Arsenicals have been associated with cancers of the skin, lung, and bladder. Clinical manifestations of chronic arsenic poisoning include non-cancer end point of hyper- and hypo-pigmentation, keratosis, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Epidemiological evidence indicates that arsenic concentration exceeding 50 mug l(-1) in the drinking water is not public health protective. The current WHO recommended guideline value for arsenic in drinking water is 10 mug l(-1), whereas many developing countries are still having a value of 50 mug 1(-1). It has been estimated that tens of millions of people are. at risk exposing to excessive levels of arsenic from both contaminated water and arsenic-bearing coal from natural sources. The global health implication and possible intervention strategies were also discussed in this review article. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2007-08-15T01:49:52Z Ng, Jack C. og Wang, Jianping og Shraim, Amjad A global perspective on cadmium pollution and toxicity in non-occupationally exposed population http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:122572 Cadmium is a non-essential element that has high rates of soil to plant transference compared with other nonessential elements, and certain plant species accumulate large amounts of cadmium from low cadmium content soils. In this paper, levels of cadmium found in major food groups are highlighted together with cadmium levels found in liver and kidney samples from non-occupationally exposed populations. Data on human kidney cadmium levels identified recently, including the study in our own laboratory, are compared with older studies. Human-tissue cadmium contents showed large variations among individuals, but sources of the variation remain unknown. Exposure levels of 30-50 mug per day have been estimated for adults and these levels have been linked to increased risk of bone fracture, cancer, kidney dysfunction and hypertension. Increased mortality was found among individuals showing signs of cadmium renal toxicity compared with those without such signs, suggesting that renal toxicity may be an early warning of complications, sub-clinical or clinical morbidity. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. 2008-01-25T16:50:32Z Satarug, Soisungwan og Baker, Jason R. og Urbenjapol, Supanee og Haswell-Elkins, Melissa og Reilly, Paul E. B. og Williams, David J. og Moore, Michael R. A human health risk assessment of exposure to the cyanobacterial toxin, cylindrospermopsin in drinking water http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:150696 2008-06-06T16:43:36Z Shaw, G. R. Algal Analysis: Organisms and Toxins http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:146299 2008-06-06T11:54:09Z Shaw, Glendon R. og Smith, Maree L. Ambient atmospheric levels of PBDES across urban and rural centres in Australia detremined using polyurethane foam (PUF) passive air sampling http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:167643 2009-03-14T10:27:06Z Kennedy, K. og Hearn, L. og Toms, L. M. og Thompson, J. og Bartkow, M. E. og Mueller, J. F. Anal fin morphology and gonadal histopathology in mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) exposed to treated municipal sewage effluent http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:123752 Feral mosquitofish living in undiluted treated municipal sewage in Queensland, Australia, were examined for morphologic abnormalities indicative of reproductive dysfunction. Male and female mosquitofish were captured at two sites receiving undiluted treated sewage and compared with those captured at a reference site. Several morphologic end points were examined, including length of the fourth and sixth anal fin rays and gonadal histology. Both male and female mosquitofish at one site exhibited minor elongation of the fourth anal fin ray consistent with exposure to androgenic stimulation, although the spatial extent of the effect was limited and not significant at other sites further downstream. No incidences of intersex were found. These findings suggest that the level of treatment of domestic sewage at the two sewage treatment plants assessed is adequate to prevent reproductive abnormalities in exposed mosquitofish populations. 2008-01-25T16:49:00Z Leusch, FDL og Chapman, HF og Kay, GW og Gooneratne, SR og Tremblay, LA An alternative hypothesis to natural PCDD formation http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:97505 2007-08-24T01:18:11Z Gaus, C. og Prange, J. A. og Papke, O. og Mueller, J. F. og Weber, R. Analysis of inorganic parameters http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:69666 2007-08-14T11:29:20Z Rayment, G. og Sadler, R. og Craig, A. og Noller, B. N. og Chiswell, B. Analysis of Mercury in Wastewater of some Dental Clinics in United Arab Emirates http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:166849 The amount of mercury in the wastewater of three dental clinics from United Arab Emirates over a period of 3 to 17 days was quantified using cold vapour-atomic absorption spectrometry technique. The total Hg concentration in the wastewater of these clinics ranged from 25 to 146 μg d-1. The Hg concentration in the wastewater samples collected from the outlets of the dental chairs after dental treatments varies depending on the type of dental treatment: the average Hg concentration in the samples of only amalgam restoration is 39 μg per sample (std. dev. 37, range 4-142); for samples with amalgam restoration plus other types of dental treatment is 24 μg per sample (std. dev. 24, range < MDL-77); and for sample with no amalgam restoration is 18 μg per sample (std. dev. 16, range 2009-03-10T12:23:21Z Al Kawas, S. og Abu-Yousef, I. A. og Kanan, S. og El-Kishawi, M. og Siddique, A. og Abdo, N. og Shraim, A. Analysis of organic arsenic species in tube-well water of West Bengal - India http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:96246 2007-08-24T00:21:58Z Shraim, A. og Sekaran, N.C. og Anuradha, C.D. og Hirano, S. Analytical speciation of arsenic is relevant to health risk assessment http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:101158 2007-08-23T19:59:25Z Ng, J. C. An Assessment Conducted on the Health Risk to a Mechanic from the Community Development and Employment Project (CDEP) Exposed to Mineral Waste and Hydrocarbon Residues from the Ranger Mine http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:84563 2007-08-14T13:46:13Z Moore, M. R. og Noller, B. N. og Bruce, S. L. An assessment of mosquito breeding and control in four surface flow wetlands in tropical-subtropical Australia http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:122864 In Queensland, Australia, the tropical-subtropical climate is ideal to promote macrophyte growth in surface flow wetlands; however, there have been concerns that constructed wetlands are potential breeding sites for disease-bearing mosquitoes. The aim of this study was to assess whether mosquitoes were breeding in these constructed wetlands, and if so, where they breed, and what parameters might influence breeding: e.g. water quality, vegetation, or macroinvertebrate communities. A study of four surface flow constructed wetlands located in different climatic regions was undertaken. Mosquito larvae were sampled using 240 ml dippers and macroinvertebrates using dip nets. The wetland with the greatest biodiversity of macrophytes and macroinvertebrates had the least number of mosquito larvae (< 1% of all dips). Samples with most mosquito larvae occurred amongst dense mats of Paspalum grass or dead Typha. Despite the presence of larvae in some parts of these wetlands very few late instars or pupae were found i.e. completion of the mosquito life cycle to adult mosquitoes was unsuccessful. This study has shown that the presence of mosquito larvae can be minimised by increasing macroinvertebrate biodiversity, by planting a variety of macrophyte types and species, excluding aggressive plant species, and maintaining at least 30% open water. Macroinvertebrates are probably a crucial factor in the control of mosquito larvae ensuring that predation of the early instars prevents or limits the development of pupae and the emergence of adults. 2008-01-25T17:03:36Z Greenway, M og Dale, P og Chapman, H An assessment of risks to dugongs from exposure to dioxins http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:101194 2007-08-23T20:00:42Z Gaus, C. og O'Donohue, M. J. og Connell, D. An Assessment of the level of herbicide contamination in Hervey Bay and Great Sandy Strait using traditional methods, as well as novel bioassay system based on the Tox-y-pam chlorophyll fluorometer http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:97589 2007-08-24T01:23:18Z Bengtson-Nash, S. og McMahon, K. M. og Eaglesham, G. og Duke, N. C. An emmission budget for dioxins from crop and bush fires in Australia http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:151276 Previous inventory estimates of dioxins (PCDD), furans (PCDF) and dioxin-like PCB emissions from bushfires in Australia have been limited by the small number of published estimates of emission rates. However, the situation has been improved by a recent field study that measured emission factors for PCDD, PCDF and PCBs from 20 prescribed fires, wildfires and sugar cane fires across Australia. These data are used in a revised inventory methodology that also accounts for uncertainties in inventory activity data and parameters. Incorporating these new data into an emissions budget indicates a new best estimate for Australia’s PCDD, PCDF and PCB emissions from open burning in 1994 of 142 g TEQ with an uncertainty range of 31g to 494g TEQ which is 70% lower than the previous estimate. Forest fires and crop residue burning accounted for 8% of total emissions with the remainder occurring in savanna woodlands of northern Australia. Total emission increased by 70% between 1990 and 2001 to 229 g, due entirely to increased fire activity in the savanna woodlands. 2008-06-11T15:03:47Z Meyer, C. P. og Black, R. R. og Tolhurst, K. G. og McCaw, L. og Cook, G. og Symons, R. og Müller, J. F. An Evaluation of the Environmental Fate and Longevity of FMC (Chemicals) Ptd Ltd Sheeting Product Simulating In-Wall Application for Australian Conditions Report 2 - 10 January 2005 http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:84546 2007-08-14T13:45:40Z Noller, B. N. og Hasthorpe, A. An Evaluation of the Environmental Fate and Longevity of FMC (Chemicals) Pty Ltd Sheeting Product Simulating Under-Slab Application for Australian Conditions Report 1 - 9 December 2004 http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:84545 2007-08-14T13:45:39Z Noller, B. N. og Hasthorpe, A. An Evaluation of the Leaching of Bifenthrin from FMC Australasia Pty ltd Sheeting Product to Deionised Water over Six Months Report http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:84547 2007-08-14T13:45:42Z Noller, B. N. og Hasthorpe, A. An Evaulation of Atomic Radiation Exposure in Australian Service Personnel from Consumption of Seafood at Hiroshima following the Bomb Explosion on 6 August 1945 http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:84244 2007-08-14T13:34:42Z Noller, B. N. og Moore, M. R. og Kleinschmidt, R A new approach for detecting and mapping sewage impacts http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:60672 Increased nitrogen loading has been implicated in eutrophication occurrences worldwide. Much of this loading is attributable to the growing human population along the world's coastlines. A significant component of this nitrogen input is from sewage effluent, and delineation of the distribution and biological impact of sewage-derived nitrogen is becoming increasingly important. Here, we show a technique that identifies the source, extent and fate of biologically available sewage nitrogen in coastal marine ecosystem. This method is based on the uptake of sewage nitrogen by marine plants and subsequent analysis of the sewage signature (elevated delta N-15) in plant tissues. Spatial analysis is used to create maps of delta N-15 and establish coefficient of variation estimates of the mapped values. We show elevated delta N-15 levels in marine plants near sewage outfalls in Moreton Bay, Australia, a semi-enclosed bay receiving multiple sewage inputs. These maps of sewage nitrogen distribution are being used to direct nutrient reduction strategies in the region and will assist in monitoring the effectiveness of environmental protection measures. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 2007-08-14T16:43:06Z Costanzo, SD og ODonohue, MJ og Dennison, WC og Loneragan, NR og Thomas, M A new approach for detecting and mapping sewage nitrogen http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:99198 2007-08-24T02:26:06Z Costanzo, S. D. A New Technology for Fish Preservation by Combined Treatment with Electrolyzed NaCl Solutions and Essential Oil Compounds http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:174728 This study was undertaken to establish a new technology, using pre-treatment with electrolyzed NaCl solutions and essential oil compounds, to extend the shelf-life of carp fillets. Samples of skinless carp fillets were treated with 100-fold (by weight) of electrolyzed NaCl solutions [cathodic solution, EW(−) and/or anodic solution, EW(+)] and 1% oil (0.5% carvacrol + 0.5% thymol) [1%(C + T)]. Then chemical [pH, volatile basic nitrogen, peroxide value, and thiobarbituric acid], microbiological (total viable count) and sensory analyses were used to evaluate the preservative effect of this new technology during storage at 5 and 25 °C. Our results from the chemical assays indicated that EW(−), followed by EW(+) and subsequently 1%(C + T) [EW(−)/EW(+)/1%(C + T)], significantly suppressed the lipid oxidation compared with other treatments. Data from sensory evaluation and microbiological assay showed that treatment with EW(−)/EW(+)/1%(C + T) extended the shelf-life of carp fillets to 16 and 1.3 days compared with 4 and 0.3 days for the control samples during storage at 5 and 25 °C, respectively. 2009-04-08T15:40:02Z Mahmouda, B. S. M. og Yamazakib, K. og Miyashitaa, K. og Shinn, II. og Suzuki, T. An experimental wind tunnel facility to study the exposure and effect of aerosols containing pesticides biota http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:100612 2007-08-23T19:36:37Z Noller, B. N. og Woods, N. og Adkins, S. W. og Hanan, J. S.