http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/ The University of Queensland en Fez http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:101898 2007-08-23T20:31:25Z Western, M. C. og O'Flaherty, M. J. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:261188 The age and extent of the Aboriginal fishery in Moreton Bay have been debated ever since excavations revealed low numbers of fish bones in coastal sites in southeast Queensland. Aboriginal people recall fishing as a major subsistence activity, yet archaeological evidence of low rates of fish bone discard have questioned this memory. In an effort to address these contrasting perceptions, excavation of the Lazaret Midden on Peel Island employed a 1 mm mesh sieve to maximize fish bone recovery. Our results suggest that fish remains are indeed numerous in this site, although the extreme fragmentation of the bone recovered from the fine sieve makes identification of fish taxa largely impossible. We discuss the implications of these findings for reconstructing Aboriginal subsistence patterns in Moreton Bay. 2011-11-12T00:00:00Z Ross, Anne og Tomkins, Helene http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:114216 Specialised domestic violence courts, initially developed in the United States of America, have been recognised by other jurisdictions including Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom. This article presents a case study of K Court in Toronto, drawing upon documentary evidence, direct observations and interviews with key informants. It is argued that the specialised domestic violence court process includes changing practices of some of the key stakeholders. Learning lessons from abroad can offer jurisdictions insights that can steer implementation of appropriate practices in the field. 2007-10-08T15:10:52Z Eley, Susan http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:173003 2009-03-31T00:00:00Z Clarkson, C.J. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:282315 2012-09-23T00:07:21Z Fischer, Jane A. og Najman, Jackob M. og Williams, Gail M. og Clavarino, Alexandra M. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:177850 We examined whether behavioral problems in childhood and adolescence are associated with young adults' BMI and obesity, and tested whether childhood behavioral problems have a greater impact on young adults' obesity than adolescent behavioral problems. The data were from the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) and Its Outcomes, a population-based birth cohort study commenced in Brisbane, Australia, in 1981. A subsample of 2,278 children for whom we had prospective information on their behavioral problems at ages 5 and 14 and measured BMI, and its categories (normal, overweight, and obese) at age 21 was chosen. Young adults who experienced behavioral problems at ages 5 or 14 had a greater average BMI and were more likely to be obese compared to young adults without behavioral problems at both ages. The childhood onset group was at greater risk of becoming obese by age 21 compared to the adolescent onset group (P = 0.04). These associations remained consistent after adjusting for a variety of potential covariates including maternal characteristics (i.e., demographics and life style), child dietary patterns, family meals, television (TV) watching, and participation in sports and exercise at 14 years. Childhood as well as persistent behavioral problems during childhood and adolescence predicts young adults' BMI and obesity. Although further studies are needed to confirm this association, there is a need for close monitoring of children presenting with behavioral problems. 2009-05-21T16:19:22Z Mamun, Abdullah A. og O'Callaghan, Michael J. og Cramb, Susanna M. og Najman, Jake M. og Williams, Gail M. og Bor, William http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:202073 We examined the prospective association of childhood BMI z-score and BMI categories (normal or overweight) with young adult diabetes, controlling for early life, childhood, and adolescence factors. A subsample of 2,639 young adults from the Mater–University study of pregnancy (MUSP) and its outcomes, a prospective birth cohort who were born in Brisbane, Australia and for whom we had measured height and weight at 5 years and self-reported diabetes at age 21 years. The risk of developing diabetes by age 21 years was greater among young adults who had greater BMI z-score or were overweight at age 5 years than those who had normal BMI at age 5 years. Young adults who were overweight at age 5 years had an increased odds ratio of 2.60 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29, 5.22, in age- and sex-adjusted model) of experiencing diabetes by age 21 years. Adjustment for potential confounders and mediators including intrauterine environmental factors, childhood dietary patterns, television watching, participation in sports and exercise, and current weight, did not substantively alter these associations. Overweight and increasing BMI z-score at childhood is an independent predictor of young adult’s type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Findings of this study suggest that childhood BMI may be central to the development and rising incidence of all diabetes. 2010-04-08T14:27:57Z Al Mamun, Abdullah og Cramb, Susanna M. og O'Callaghan, Michael J. og Williams, Gail M. og Najman, Jake M. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:291624 2013-02-17T12:45:47Z Mills, Ryan og Scott, James og Alati, Rosa og O'Callaghan, Michael og Najman, Jake M. og Strathearn, Lane http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:83765 2007-08-13T00:00:00Z Johnson, H. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:189482 Paradise, a gold mining town in Queensland, Australia, was occupied only briefly towards the end of the 19th century, a single fleeting moment in the boom-and-bust cycle of the Australian gold rush. At its zenith, Paradise was home to more than 600 people, and contrary to popular expectations about the nature of the goldfields, a substantial proportion of the inhabitants were children. While the presence of children in the archaeological record is frequently overlooked, evidence from Paradise not only confirms the existence of children at the site but also illuminates community attitudes toward children and the nature of childhood in colonial Australia. The evidence from paradise strongly suggests a deep-rooted tension between middle-class Victorian ideals of childrearing and the realities of life in a frontier mining town. 2009-12-09T00:00:00Z Prangnell, Jonathan og Quirk, Kate http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:134922 2008-04-09T00:00:00Z Natalier, K. og Walter, M. og Wulff, M. og Reynolds, M. og Baxter, J. og Hewitt, B. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:83611 2007-08-13T00:00:00Z Ip, D. F. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:71671 Path analysis of attitudinal, motivational, demographic and behavioural factors influencing food choice among Australian consumers who had consumed at least some organic food in the preceding 12 months showed that concern with the naturalness of food and the sensory and emotional experience of eating were the major determinants of increasing levels of organic consumption. Increasing consumption was also related to other 'green consumption' behaviours such as recycling and to lower levels of concern with convenience in the purchase and preparation of food. Most of these factors were, in turn, strongly affected by gender and the level of responsibility taken by respondents for food provisioning within their households, a responsibility dominated by women. Education had a slightly negative effect on the levels of concern for sensory and emotional appeal due to lower levels of education among women. Income, age, political and ecological values and willingness to pay a premium for safe and environmentally friendly foods all had extremely minor effects. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z Lockie, S. og Lyons, K. og Lawrence, G. A. og Grice, J. C. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:205281 Various aspects of Christian belief and practice have been documented as significant across Aboriginal Australia. In recent years, many communities have been involved in seeking to achieve traditional rights in land and sea as recognised in Australian law. Asserting and proving these rights entails demonstrating continuity of traditional law and custom since the establishment of British sovereignty. While legal discourse indicates that this does not exclude cultural change, law and custom must continue to derive from pre-sovereignty traditions. This article addresses the extent to which Christian belief and practice have been articulated and researched in applied anthropological work, against the background of relevant academic studies. If a sophisticated theory of cultural change and continuity is germane to researching land claims and native title, what is the significance of Christian syncretism in Aboriginal relations with place and the inheritance of ancestral connections to 'country'? Several case studies are examined. © 2010 Australian Anthropological Society 2010-05-16T00:08:10Z Trigger, David S. og Asche, Wendy http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:193717 Background: Many recent studies of serotonin transporter gene by environment effects predicting depression have used stress assessments with undefined or poor psychometric methods, possibly contributing to wide variation in findings. The present study attempted to distinguish between effects of acute and chronic stress to predict depressive symptoms at age 20 among 346 youth varying in polymorphisms of the 5HTT gene who had been assessed at ages 15 and 20. Methods: Interview measures assessed major acute life events between 15 and 19, and multiple interviews and questionnaires with youths and their parents at youth age 15 provided an index of chronic family stress. Lg alleles were reclassified as S. Results: Chronic family stress at age 15 predicted higher depression scores at 20 among those with one or two S alleles, and the effects of genetic moderation were significant only for females. Gene–environment interactions with acute stress were nonsignificant. Conclusions: Careful measurement and separation of the effects of chronic and acute stress, and gender, are encouraged in the study of mechanisms of the stress–depression association. 2010-01-24T00:03:05Z Hammen, Constance og Brennan, Patricia A. og Keenan-Miller, Danielle og Hazel, Nicholas A. og Najman, Jake M. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:285689 2012-11-15T16:02:11Z Hayatbakhsh, Mohammad R. og Clavarino, Alexandra og Williams, Gail M. og Sina, Maryam og Najman, Jake M. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:145356 The authors explore the sociospatial relationship that exists between where households reside and consumption spaces: places specially built or redeveloped far people who visit to buy and consume within these locations the fun goods and services on sale. Consumption spaces ate categorized here according to the opportunities they provide for stimulating the senses, and focusing empirically on the Australian city of Brisbane, they were found to be disproportionately concentrated in a community ringing the central business district. This community contained about one-quarter of the metropolitan area's 1.5 million residents, and it was characterized by nontraditional households, high socioeconomic status, and a significant ethnic presence. 2008-06-10T00:00:00Z Mullins, P. og Natalier, K. og Smith, P. og Smeaton, B. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:69514 2007-08-14T00:00:00Z Mullins, P. F. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:146100 2008-06-06T00:00:00Z Mullins, P. F. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:228013 2011-02-03T00:00:00Z Western, Mark og Baxter, Janeen http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:36095 The CASMIN Project is arguably the most influential contemporary study of class mobility in the world. However, CASMIN results with respect to weak vertical status effects on class mobility have been extensively criticized. Drawing on arguments about how to model vertical mobility, Hout and Hauser (1992) show that class mobility is strongly determined by vertical socioeconomic differences. This paper extends these arguments by estimating the CASMIN model while explicitly controlling for individual determinants of socioeconomic attainment. Using the 1972 Oxford Mobility Data and the 1979 and 1983 British Election Studies, the paper employs mixed legit models to show how individual socioeconomic factors and categorical differences between classes shape intergenerational mobility. The findings highlight the multidimensionality of class mobility and its irreducibility to vertical movement up and down a stratification hierarchy. 2007-08-13T00:00:00Z Western, M http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:267220 2012-02-08T09:50:32Z Emmison, Michael http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:59892 This paper reports the survey findings of a study on the outreaching social workers' perceptions of client resistance. In light of their social work practice 10th youth-at-risk in Hong Kong, resistance is generally recognised as a natural phenomenon in the counselling process and to a certain extent, is an obstacle to engaging in purposeful worker-client relationship as well as effecting behavioural changes. On Pipes and Davenport's (1990) classification, the respondents were more likely to classify client resistance as innocuous behaviours like missing appointments and refusing to discuss problems than disarming and proactive behaviours. The implications of these findings are discussed. 2007-08-14T16:07:59Z Ho, K og Chui, WH http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:161942 Outline of the talk -Impacts of future climate change -on Australia -Agriculture and food provision -Assessment and implications 2009-01-28T00:00:00Z Lawrence, Geoffrey A. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:270010 2012-03-15T14:05:16Z Lawrence, Geoffrey og Richards, Carol og Gray, Ian og Hansar, Naomi http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:246785 2011-08-30T00:00:00Z Khan, M. Adil http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:227854 Until recently, lobbied by the multinationals and led by the USA, especially by the Bush administration, the vulnerabilities of climate change have either been ignored or paid lip service to. This is because those who pollute are the rich and stand to suffer profit losses, reduction of standard of living (reduction of a superfluous lifestyle, that is) if climate change initiatives are put in place and thus resist change and indeed, get away with it. At the other end of the spectrum are the sufferers who are poor and thus voiceless with little or no power to effect change. 2011-02-01T09:54:47Z Khan, M. Adil http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:269699 2012-03-13T10:24:11Z Rowland, Michael. J. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:130359 A number of archaeologists have suggested that significant climatic change with environmental and social consequences occurred between 1000 and 400 years ago in the Indo-Pacific region. We investigate this premise by examining the archaeological record of changes in hunter-gatherer economies in three geographically distinct coastal regions of tropical northern Australia. These case studies support the argument that Aboriginal mollusc exploitation reflects the altered local ecological habitats that accompanied broader coastal environmental change over the last few thousand years. Overlap between the phases and timing of climatic and behavioural changes within each region suggests that, given regional variation in the nature and of these changes, there was an associated human response to late Holocene climatic variability. These case studies establish that archaeological and environmental evidence mutually support the argument for climate change influencing cultural change in northern Australia. We suggest that, while a direct physical link between environmental change and the interpretations of significant cultural change in the archaeological record have yet to be demonstrated unambiguously in this region, the analysis of mollusc exploitation has the potential to provide the direct link that is currently missing between changes in climate, environment and human responses over the last millennium. Archaeological sites have the potential to act as archives that record significant information on palaeoclimatic conditions to augment standard pollen and coral core palaeoclimate indicators (Sandweiss 2003). This becomes particularly useful in areas where few standard palaeoenvironmental studies exist, as is the case for the tropical north Australian coast, especially for the Late Holocene period. Some archaeologists argue that, in the Indo-Pacific region, significant climatic change between 1000 and 400 years ago had considerable environmental and social consequences. Most of these studies have dealt with horticulturalist societies, however, and the impact on hunter gatherer societies is less-well studied (cf. Haberle and David 2004). In tropical north Australia, radiometric dating indicates that substantial changes occurred in the shell-fishing practices of hunter-gatherer groups after approximately 1000 calibrated years ago (Bourke 2003, 2004; Brockwell et al. 2005; Faulkner 2006; Faulkner and Clarke 2004; Hiscock 1997, 1999). This paper presents an over-view of the archaeological record of changes in hunter-gatherer economic and social practices in three geographically distinct regions of tropical northern Australia (Figure 1). This is done so within the context of what is known of significant phases of climate change in order to explore the relationship between human behaviour and climate change in the late Holocene. 2008-02-18T15:23:58Z Bourke, P. og Brockwell, S. og Faulkner, P. og Meehan, B. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:266895 Clinical Guidelines for Stroke Management (2010) developed by the National Stroke Foundation (NSF) has updated and amalgamated the two previously NHMRC approved guidelines developed by the NSF: Clinical Guidelines for Acute Stroke Management (2007) and Clinical Guidelines for Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery (2005). This guideline reflects the need for acute and post acute services to provide seamless care to those affected by stroke and their families. This edition of the guideline importantly includes new information on fatigue, goal setting, secondary prevention measures for those on hormone replacement therapy or who are using oral contraception, oral hygiene, cognitive communication deficits, behavioural change and the amount and timing of rehabilitation. Many existing topics have been significantly revised including management of TIA, contracture, swelling of extremities and driving. 2012-02-05T00:00:00Z National Stroke Foundation og Boddice, Geoff og Brauer, Sandy og Gustafsson, Louise og Kenardy, Justin og Hoffmann, Tammy http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:131774 OBJECTIVE: To assess clinicians' knowledge and attitudes to prostate cancer peer-support groups, essential in improving support services for men with prostate cancer, as patients' perceptions of their clinicians' attitudes to such groups predict patients' positive and negative perceptions of their experiences at such groups. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In all, 36 clinicians (75% response) across Australia, of whom 27 were urologists and nine were radiation oncologists, were interviewed in-depth using a key-informant approach. Nine clinicians were from regional Australia, with the remaining 27 from major metropolitan settings. Subsequently, 30 clinicians (69% response) completed surveys to confirm identified themes. RESULTS: Peer support was rated positively by most clinicians and most report a fair to good knowledge of such groups. However, less than a quarter regularly refer their patients to these groups. While clinicians can describe positive aspects of peer support, many are concerned that biased viewpoints and misinformation within these groups might potentially contribute to patients' decisional uncertainty and regret. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed to establish for whom these support groups are most helpful. Concerns about misleading information that might be proffered in support groups is a barrier to clinician referral to these groups. Dialogue between prostate cancer interest groups and clinicians to resolve concerns presents as a key strategy to improve support for men with prostate cancer. 2008-03-07T00:00:00Z Steginga, Suzanne K. og Smith, David P. og Pinnock, Carole og Metcalfe, Robyn og Gardiner, Robert A. og Dunn, Jeff http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:238143 The sea is central to the lives of contemporary coastal Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people across northeast Australia. Indigenous histories and documentary sources show the sea to be a vital source of subsistence, raw materials, spirituality and connection with other peoples. Coasts, and especially islands, were a focus of occupation, with high population densities linked to low mobility along the length of the Queensland coast. But what are the antecedents of these people–sea relationships? In this review, the archaeological evidence for coastal foraging across northeast Australia from the late Pleistocene is explored and the main themes and challenges in developing an understanding of how coastal resources figured in the lives of ancient Australians are discussed. [Introduction extract] 2011-03-22T16:35:11Z Ulm, Sean http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:60233 Aim. This study examines the extent to which hospital nurses view their working environment in a positive sense, working as a cohesive group. Background. Despite the fact that nursing in Australia is now considered a profession, it has been claimed that nurses are an oppressed group who use horizontal violence, bullying and aggression in their interactions with one and other. Methods. After ethical approval, a random sample of 666 nurses working directly with patients and all 333 critical care nurses employed in three large tertiary Australian hospitals were invited to participate in the study in the late 1990s. A mailed survey examined the perceptions of interaction nurses had with each other. The hypothesis, that level of employment (either Level I bedside nurses or Level II/III clinical leaders) and area of work (either critical care or noncritical care) would influence perceptions of cohesion, as measured by the cohesion amongst nurses scale (CANS) was tested. Results. In total 555 (56%) surveys were returned. Of these, 413 were returned by Level I and 142 by Level II/III nurses. Of this sample, 189 were critical care and 355 noncritical care nurses. There was no difference between Level I and II/III nurses in mean CANS scores. It is interesting to note that the item rated most positively was, 'nurses on the units worked well together', however, the item rated least positive was 'staff can be really bitchy towards each other' for both Level I and II/III nurses. There was no difference in CANS scores between critical care and noncritical care nurses. Conclusions. Nurses working in Australian hospitals perceived themselves to be moderately cohesive but, as would be expected in other work settings, some negative perceptions existed. 2007-08-14T00:00:00Z Chaboyer, Wendy og Najman, Jake og Dunn, Sandra http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:164898 Reference entry in Box 6.2, Chapter 6: Reference Collections by Judith Field 2009-02-20T11:47:06Z Lentfer, C. J. og Therin, M. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:196339 Collections are artefacts—constructions that come into being when objects are physically or conceptually brought together. As artefacts, collections have properties,among the most obvious of which are the kinds of things they contain and their proportions. Rarely, however, do these properties reflect in a representative way what it would have been possible to collect. A collection consequently both reflects the situation from which it was derived, andpresents a distorted image of that situation. The latter, however, can be highly informative, if only we can determine its character. Since most collections represent samples from unknown universes, this is no easy feat—it requires that we give a presence to the non-present so that what was collected can be compared to what could have been collected to establish the nature of the biases in a collection. Although often difficult, there are nevertheless several ways in which this can be attempted, including through linguistic comparisons. Such an exercise provides the basis for reflecting on a number of matters, theoretical and practical, relating to collections and their creation. These include the very notion of a ‘collection’, differences in kinds of collections, the processes by which an assemblage of items becomes a ‘collection’, and collections as mental constructs, as mentally conceived categories made manifest. 2010-02-23T12:00:19Z Satterthwait, Leonn http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:72282 2007-08-14T00:00:00Z Everingham, J. L. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:66061 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z Walker, P. O. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:239716 2011-04-04T16:00:12Z Young, Diana http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:65129 This Article does not have an abstract. 2007-08-14T19:38:20Z Caulfield, Tayna og Johnson, Helen http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:143994 2008-06-10T00:00:00Z Hyndman, D. C. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:228003 The world over, neoliberal modes of conservation are hybridising with, or even replacing, other forms of conservation. Under the banner of 'win-win' policies, planners actively work to commoditize natural resources and the social relations that determine the use and conservation of these resources. While these general processes seem to hold sway globally, it is crucial not to lose sight of the context specific ways in which neo-liberalism influences conservation practice and local outcomes. The paper examines how neo-liberalism's global pervasiveness becomes manifest across different levels and scales in South Africa and the Philippines. The conclusion suggests that as a result of these neoliberal pressures, emphasis is shifting from local constructions of 'nature'by communities to what the environment should mean for communities in terms of commodified resources and growing capitalist markets. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2011-02-03T00:00:00Z Buscher, Bram og Dressler, Wolfram http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:277870 2012-07-23T16:50:02Z Manne, Tiina og Starkovich, Britt http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:174846 2009-04-09T00:00:00Z Khatun, Mohsina og Clavarino, Alexandra M. og Callaway, Leonie og Alati, Rosa og Najman, Jake M. og Williams, Gail og Mamun, Abdullah Al http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:151990 2008-07-21T00:00:00Z Gallois, C. og Callan, V. J. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:162162 2009-01-29T13:32:48Z Kelly, A. B. og Fincham, F. D. og Beach, S. R. H. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:71229 2007-08-14T00:00:00Z Dibden, J. og Cheshire, L. A. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:227919 There are increasing calls internationally for the development of regulation and policies related to the rapidly growing nanotechnologies sector. As part of the process of policy formation, it is widely accepted that deliberative community engagement processes should be included, enabling publics to have a say about nanotechnologies, expressing their hopes and fears, issues and concerns, and that these will be considered as part of the policy process. The Australian Federal and State governments have demonstrated a commitment to these ideals, undertaking a number of public engagement activities in recent years. However, despite promises that these community engagement activities will enable policy makers to identify complex and contested community attitudes, and that these will be included as part of the policy making process, a closer look at Australia's engagement activities reveals something quite different. Through an analysis of a number of Australia's nano-engagement activities, this paper demonstrates the limits of public engagement related to the development of nanotechnology related policies and regulation in Australia. Our analysis reveals the extent to which industry interests have captured policy makers and regulators, dissenting voices have been excluded from engagement processes, and engagement processes have not connected with actual policy making activities. Reflecting on these limits, this paper concludes with recommendations for improving public engagement processes related to nanotechnologies in Australia. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011-02-02T10:35:44Z Lyons, K og Whelan, J. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:145878 2008-06-06T00:00:00Z Baum, S. W. og Stimson, R. J. og O'Connor, K. og Mullins, P. F. og Davis, R. M. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:145921 2008-06-06T00:00:00Z http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:202210 2010-04-09T00:00:00Z Beazley, H. og Bessell, L. og Ennew, J. og Waterson, R.