List of Records in School of Medicine Publications - UQ eSpace

AAA Evar at the Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital: 1994-2004

2007-08-23T20:26:53Z

A basaloid neoplasm with ductal differentiation

2009-03-19T12:19:04Z

CASE REPORT A 77-year-old man noticed the gradual growth of a plaque lesion with a 4-year history on his left temporal region. On examination, he had a partly pigmented, waxy, and elevated plaque lesion measuring 2 × 1.5 cm on his left side of the temporal region (Fig. 1). The nodule was completely excised after the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma. Histopathologic examination showed a neoplasm composed of lobules of basaloid cells (Fig. 2). No evidence of recurrence has been observed at 1 year after excision.

A baseline study of importance of bovines for human Schistosoma Japonicum infections around Poyang Lake, China: Villages studied and snail sampling strategy

2007-08-15T02:54:21Z

An epidemiologic survey among four administrative villages around Poyang Lake, in Jiangxi Province, China (two experimental and two controls) is being conducted to determine if bovine infections are responsible for the persistence of human schistosomiasis transmission on Yangtze River marshlands. A previously published paper presented the experimental design and baseline data for humans and bovines. This paper presents basic data for the four villages using remote sensing, and baseline data for snails that includes geographic information systems and remote sensing technology to classify the areas of bovine grazing ranges and habitats suitable for snails. A new method for sampling Oncomelania snails in China is used to determine the distribution, density, and infection rates of snails throughout the grazing ranges from season to season over a four-year period. Hypothetically, treating bovines should reduce infection rates in snails to below the critical number necessary to maintain infections in man and bovines.

A basis function feature-based approach for skin lesion discrimination in dermatology dermoscopy images

2009-04-02T17:51:39Z

Abdominal injury and the seat-belt sign

Wotherspoon, S. og Chu, K. og Brown, A. — 2007-08-14T16:23:42Z

Abdominal sacral colpopexy or vaginal sacrospinous colpopexy for vaginal vault prolapse: A prospective randomized study

2007-08-15T05:05:07Z

A behavior genetic investigation of adolescent motherhood and offspring mental health problems

2008-03-03T12:24:32Z

The present study examines the relations between adolescent motherhood and children's behavior, substance use, and internalizing problems in a sample of 1,368 children of 712 female twins from Australia. Adolescent motherhood remained significantly associated with all mental health problems, even when using a quasiexperimental design capable of controlling for genetic and environmental confounds. However, the relation between adolescent motherhood and offspring behavior problems and substance use was partially confounded by family background variables that influence both generations. The results are consistent with a causal relation between adolescent motherhood and offspring mental health problems, and they highlight the usefulness of behavior genetic designs when examining putative environmental risks for the development of psychopathology. The generalizability of these results to the United States, which has a higher adolescent birth rate, is discussed.

Aberrant cervical thymus mimicking a cervical mass

Conwell, Louise og Batch, J. A. — 2007-08-15T04:04:03Z

A case of a 9-year-old female with suprasternal extension of the thymus mimicking thyroid gland enlargement is described. Ultrasonography successfully established the diagnosis. Aberrant cervical thymic tissue is an infrequently reported cause of paediatric neck masses. It is important to be aware of this entity to prevent anxiety and inappropriate investigation and/or intervention.

Aberrant expression of E-cadherin in lobular carcinomas of the breast

2009-03-05T16:18:13Z

Aberrant mucin assembly in mice causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and spontaneous inflammation resembling ulcerative colitis

2009-04-07T12:40:26Z

Ability of bioelectrical impedance to predict percentage fat mass in children of two different ethnic origins

2007-08-23T19:24:22Z

Ability of Bioelectrical Impedance to Predict Percentage Fat Mass in Children of Two Different Ethnic Origins

2007-08-15T06:28:22Z

Detailed analysis of body composition in children has helped to understand changes that occur in growth and disease. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has gained popularity as a simple, non-invasive and inexpensive tool of body composition assessment. Being an indirect technique, prediction equations have to be used in the assessment of body composition. There are many prediction equations available in the literature for the assessment of body composition from BIA. This study aims to cross-validate some of those prediction equations to determine the suitability of their use on Australian children of white Caucasian and Sri Lankan origins. Height, weight and BIA were measured. Total body water was measured using the isotope dilution method (D2O). Fat-mass (FM) and %FM were estimated from BIA using ten prediction equations described in the literature. Five to 14.99-year-old healthy, 96 white Caucasians and 42 Sri Lankan children were studied. The equation of Schaefer et al was the most suitable prediction equation for this group with the lowest mean bias for %FM assessment in both Caucasian (–1.0±9.6%) and Sri Lankan (1.6±5.2%) children and the fat content of the individuals did not influence the predictions by this equation. Impedance index (height2/impedance) explained for 80% of TBW in white Caucasians and 93% in Sri Lankans and figures were similar for the prediction of FFM. We conclude that BIA can be used effectively in the assessment of body composition in children. However, for the assessment of body composition using BIA, either prediction equations should be derived to suit the local populations or existing equations should be cross-validated to determine their suitability before their application.

A biographical note on Marcel Proust's Professor Cottard

Pearn, J. og Gardner-Thorpe, C. — 2007-08-15T02:27:48Z

A blueprint for identifying and managing patients within a heart failure service

2007-08-14T11:54:19Z

Abnormal expression of stromelysin-2 (MMP10) in Marfan syndrome (MFS) and bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) aneurysm

2008-02-18T14:12:24Z

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) participating in extracellular matrix remodelling and degradation are believed to be important mechanisms in the development of aortic aneurysm. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP10) leading to the breakdown of protein components associated with cell–cell adhesions and cell–cell matrix attachments may also be a factor resulting in structural disorganization, cell detachment and abnormal cell migration, proliferation and apoptosis. We have examined the distribution and expression of MMP10 in the aortic wall and in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of normal aorta and aortic aneurysm associated with MFS and BAV. Aortic tissue was collected from normal (4 M; 9 F; age 40 ± 12 years, mean ± SD), MFS (6 M; 3 F; 42 ± 24 years) and BAV (10 M; 4 F; 62 ± 17 years). Immunohistochemistry of aortic tissue showed enhanced expression of MMP10 in MFS and BAV VSMCs (normal = 2.2 ± 0.3; MFS = 3.0 ± 1.4; BAV = 3.8 ± 1.1, arbitrary units/VSMC/microscope field). Similarly, cultured VSMCs showed increased expression of MMP10 in cultured MFS and BAV aneurysm (moderate) compared to control VSMCs (mild). Scratch wound migration assay revealed MMP10 expression at the leading front of cell migration. Increased expression of MMP10 was also observed in apoptotic VSMCs that were stained positively with cleaved caspase-3. Overexpression of MMP10 in migrating VSMCs derived from MFS and BAV aneurysm suggests abnormal regulation of MMP10 that is likely to contribute to weaker cell and matrix bonding and the progression of aneurysm.

Abnormal extracellular matrix protein transport associated with increased apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells in Marfan syndrome and bicuspid aortic valve thoracic aortic aneurysm

2007-08-14T19:25:17Z

Background - Marfan syndrome (MS) is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the fibrillin gene FBN1. Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a congenital heart malformation of unknown cause. Both conditions are associated with ascending aortic aneurysm and premature death. This study examined the relationship among the secretion of extracellular matrix proteins fibrillin, fibronectin, tenascin, and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis. The role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)- 2 in VSMC apoptosis was studied in MS aneurysm. Methods and Results - Aneurysm tissue was obtained from patients undergoing surgery ( MS: 4 M, 1 F, age 27 - 45 years; BAV: 3 M, 2 F, age 28 - 65 years). Normal aorta from subjects with nonaneurysm disease was also collected ( 4 M, 1 F, age 23 - 93 years). MS and BAV aneurysm histology showed areas of cystic medial necrosis (CMN) without inflammatory infiltrate. Immunohistochemical study of cultured MS and BAV VSMC showed intracellular accumulation and reduction of extracellular distribution of fibrillin, fibronectin, and tenascin. Western blot showed no increase in expression of fibrillin, fibronectin, or tenascin in MS or BAV VSMC and increased expression of MMP-2 in MS VSMCs. There was 4-fold increase in loss of cultured VSMC incubated in serum-free medium for 24 hours in both MS ( 27 +/- 8%) and BAV ( 32 +/- 14%) compared with control ( 7 +/- 5%). Conclusions - In MS and BAV there is alteration in both the amount and quality of secreted proteins and an increased degree of VSMC apoptosis. Up-regulation of MMP-2 might play a role in VSMC apoptosis in MS VSMC. The findings suggest the presence of a fundamental cellular abnormality in BAV thoracic aorta, possibly of genetic origin.

Abnormal Functional Connectivity in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2007-08-14T18:48:53Z

Abnormalities of left atrial function after cardioversion: an atrial strain rate study

2008-02-28T11:37:24Z

Background and objectives: The role of atrial myocardial dysfunction after cardioversion is unclear. In a comparison of patients after successful cardioversion from chronic atrial fibrillation ( CAF) and normal controls, we sought to determine whether Doppler-derived atrial strain rate ( A-sr) could be used to measure global left atrial function and whether A-sr was reduced in patients with CAF. Methods: A-sr was measured from the basal septal, lateral, inferior and anterior atrial walls from the apical four-chamber and two-chamber views in 37 patients with CAF who had been cardioverted to sinus rhythm and followed up for 6 months, and in a cohort of 37 healthy people. Conventional measures of atrial function included peak transmitral A-wave velocity, A-wave velocity time integral, atrial fraction and the left atrial ejection fraction. Doppler tissue imaging was used to estimate atrial contraction velocity ( A' velocity). In addition to amplitude parameters, the time to peak A-sr was measured from aortic valve closure. Results: Immediately after cardioversion, A-sr in the CAF cohort ( baseline) was significantly lower than in controls ( mean ( SD) -0.53 ( 0.31) v -1.6 ( 0.75) s(-1); p < 0.001); the A-sr correlated with A' velocity ( r = 0.63; p < 0.001) in patients. Atrial function improved over time, with maximal change observed in the initial 4 weeks after cardioversion. The time to peak A-sr was increased in the CAF group compared with controls ( 0.55 ( 0.15) v 0.46 ( 0.12) s), but this failed to normalise over time. Conclusion: A-sr is a descriptor of atrial function, which is reduced after cardioversion from CAF and subsequently recovers.

Abnormalities of quantitative myocardial contrast echo in diabetic subjects with normal coronary angiograms: A non-invasive technique for detection of coronary microangiopathy?

2007-08-23T19:18:31Z

Abnormalities of the PTH-vitamin D axis and bone turnover markers in children, adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis: comparison with healthy controls

2007-08-15T01:40:30Z

Abnormalities of calcium and vitamin D metabolism in cystic fibrosis (CF) are well documented. We tested the hypothesis that alterations in calcium metabolism are related to vitamin D deficiency, and that bone resorption is increased relative to accretion in patients with CF. Calcitropic hormones, electrolytes, osteocalcin (OC) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), (markers of bone mineralisation), urinary deoxypyridinoline [total (t) Dpd, a marker of bone resorption] and lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS BMD), expressed as a z-score, were measured in 149 (81 M) CF and 141 (61 M) control children aged 5.3-10.99 years, adolescents aged 11-17.99 years and adults aged 18-55.9 years. Data were analysed by multiple regression to adjust for age. In patients, FEV1% predicted and CRP (as disease severity markers), genotype and pancreatic status (PS) were recorded. The distribution of PTH differed between groups (P<0.0001), with CF levels both below and above the control range. 25OH vitamin D (25OHD) was not different in control and CF subjects (P=0.06). Active hormonal vitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D) was lower in the CF group (P<0.0001), not explained by 25OHD or disease severity, as was serum magnesium (P<0.0001). OC was decreased in CF adults (P=0.004), and tDpd increased in CF adolescents (P=0.003) and adults (P=0.03). The ratio of OC to tDpd (a measure of bone coupling) was similar in CF and control children, but decreased in CF adolescents (P=0.04) and adults (P=0.02), suggesting decreased overall bone accrual in CF adolescents and uncoupling of bone balance in adults. 1,25(OH)2D was weakly correlated with OC in CF children (r=0.43, P=0.01), and with tDpd in CF and control adolescents (r=0.33, P=0.05 and r=0.36, P=0.02, respectively); thus there was limited evidence of association of calcitropic hormones, which had an abnormal pattern in all age groups, with bone turnover. There was no association between calcitropic hormones or bone turnover markers and LS BMD z-score. Despite vitamin D sufficiency, abnormalities of calcium metabolism and bone turnover markers were still apparent and bone accretion was decreased relative to resorption in the CF adolescent and adult groups. These changes were not fully explained by disease severity or genotype, but are consistent with reports of decreased BMD and unique bone histomorphometry in older subjects with CF.

Abnormal left and right ventricular myocardial characteristics are independently associated with obesity

2007-08-23T19:18:23Z

Abnormal left ventricular filling with increasing age reflects abnormal myocardial characteristics independent of ischemia or hypertrophy

2007-08-15T01:23:16Z

Abnormal left ventricular (IV) filling may occur with increasing age despite apparently normal IV size and function, and is usually attributed to IV hypertrophy and coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether myocardial abnormalities could be identified in 67 such patients (36 men, mean age 57 +/- 9 years) whose IV hypertrophy and coronary artery disease were excluded by dobutamine echocardiography. All patients underwent gray scale and color tissue Doppler imaging from 3 apical views, which were stored and analyzed off line. Disturbances in structure and function were assessed by averaging the cyclic variation of integrated backscatter, strain rate, and peak systolic strain from each myocardial segment. Calibrated integrated backscatter (corrected for pericardial backscatter intensity) was measured in the septum and posterior wall from the parasternal long-axis view. Abnormal IV filling was present in 36 subjects (54%). Subjects with and without abnormal IV filling had similar IV mass, but differed in age (p <0.01), cyclic variation (p = 0.001), strain rate (p <0.01), and peak systolic strain (p <0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age (p = 0.016) and cyclic variation (p = 0.042) were the most important determinants of abnormal IV filling in these apparently normal subjects. (C) 2003 by Excerpta Medica, Inc.

Abnormal neuronal circuitry for switching of attention and working memory in schizophrenic patients.

2007-08-13T11:06:15Z

Abnormal septal motiion after cardiac surgery - new insights using tissue doppler

2008-06-06T14:04:32Z

Abnormal septal wall motion and left anterior descending disease in left bundle branch block may be detected with quantitative tissue Doppler

2007-08-24T01:12:26Z

Abolition of (-)-CGP 12177-evoked cardiostimulation in double beta(1)/beta(2)-adrenoceptor knockout mice. Obligatory role of beta(1)-adrenoceptors for putative beta 4-adrenoceptor pharmacology

2007-08-14T15:45:33Z

Some beta (1)- and beta (2)-adrenoceptor-blocking agents, such as (-)-CGP 12177, cause cardiostimulant effects at concentrations considerably higher than those that antagonise the effects of catecholamines. The cardiostimulant effects of these non-conventional partial agonists are relatively resistant to blockade by (-)-propranolol and have been proposed to be mediated through putative beta (4)-adrenoceptors or through atypical states of either beta (1)- or beta (2)-adrenoceptors. We investigated the effects of (-)-CGP 12177 on sinoatrial rate and left atrial contractile force as well as the ventricular binding of (-)-[H-3]CGP 12177 in tissues from wild-type, beta (2)-adrenoceptor knockout and beta (1)/beta (2)-adrenoceptor double knockout mice. The cardiostimulant effects of (-)-CGP 12177 were present in wildtype and beta (2)-adrenoceptor knockout mice but were absent in beta (1)/beta (2)-adrenoceptor double knockout mice. Thus, the presence of beta (1)-adrenoceptors is obligatory for the cardiostimulant effects of (-)-CGP 12177. It appears therefore that an atypical state of the beta (1)-adrenoceptor contributes to the mediation of the cardiostimulant effects induced by non-conventional partial agonists. Ventricular beta (1)- and beta (2)-adrenoceptors, labelled in wild-type with a K(D)similar to0.5 nmol/l (similar to 16 fmol/mg protein), were absent in beta (1)/beta (2)-adrenoceptor double knockout mice. However, a high density binding site (similar to 154-391 fmol/mg protein) that did not saturate completely (K(D)similar to 80-200 nM) was labelled by (-)-[H-3]CGP 12177 in the three groups of mice, being distinct from beta (1)- and beta (2)-adrenoceptors, as well as from the site mediating the agonist effects of(-)-CGP 12177.

Abolition of valproate-derived choleresis in the Mrp2 transporter-deficient rat

Wright, A. W. E. og Dickinson, R. G. — 2007-08-15T03:43:20Z

Valproic acid (VPA) is a major therapeutic agent in the treatment of epilepsy and other neurological disorders. It is metabolized in humans and rats primarily along two pathways: direct glucuronidation to yield the acyl glucuronide (VPA-G) and beta-oxidation. We have shown much earlier in the Sprague-Dawley rat that i.v. administration of sodium valproate (NaVPA) caused a marked choleresis ( mean of 3.3 times basal bile flow after doses of 150 mg/kg), ascribed to the passive osmotic flow of bile water following excretion of VPA-G across the canalicular membrane. Active biliary pumping of anionic drug conjugates across the canalicular membrane is now believed to be attributable to transporter proteins, in particular Mrp2, which is deficient in the TR- ( a mutant Wistar) rat. In the present study, normal Wistar and Mrp2-deficient TR- rats were dosed i.v. with NaVPA at 150 mg/kg. In the Wistar rats, there was a peak choleretic effect of about 3.2 times basal bile flow, occurring at about 30 to 45 min postdose ( as seen previously with Sprague-Dawley rats). In TR- rats given the same i.v. dose, there was no evidence of postdose choleresis. The choleresis was correlated with the excretion of VPA-G into bile. In Wistar rats, 62.8 +/- 7.7% of the NaVPA dose was excreted in bile as VPA-G, whereas in TR- rats, only 2.0 +/- 0.6% of the same dose was excreted as VPA-G in bile ( with partial compensatory excretion of VPA-G in urine). This study underlines the functional ( bile flow) consequences of biliary transport of xenobiotic conjugated metabolites.

Abolition of valproate derived choleresis in the MRP2 transporter-deficient rat

Wright, A.W.E. og Dickinson, R. G. — 2007-08-24T12:41:58Z

Abolition of valproate glucuromide-derived choleresis in the MRP2 deficient TR- rat

Wright, A. W. E. og Dickinson, R. G. — 2007-08-24T12:41:54Z

Aboriginal and Torress Strait Islander suicide

Hunter, E. M. M. — 2007-08-14T15:33:43Z

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health

Hunter, E. — 2008-05-20T13:00:34Z

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health

Hunter, E. M. M. — 2008-06-10T11:07:45Z

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and the burden of stroke

Thrift, A. G. og Hayman, N. — 2008-02-18T17:28:26Z

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples comprise about 2.4% of the Australian population. There is little information about stroke among these groups of people. Most information comes from national mortality and hospital morbidity data, and population-based surveys of risk factors. Hospitalisations for stroke among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are 1-2-fold that of non-indigenous males and 1.9-fold that of non-indigenous females. Similarly, deaths from stroke are greater among Indigenous Australians, being approximately double that of non-Indigenous Australians. The disparity in stroke deaths is greatest among younger individuals. Differences in hospitalisations and mortality from stroke can be attributed to both a greater prevalence of modifiable risk factors for stroke among the Indigenous population and poorer access to acute care services. Access to appropriate primary health care is also problematic for many Indigenous Australians, mainly because of their distance from health services and lack of available transport. Stroke and its risk factors are common among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Adopting national and state strategy actions, such as providing a comprehensive primary health care program and increased training and support for health care providers, is urgently needed to reduce the incidence of stroke in these groups. However, continued efforts across the health care sector are required to ensure stroke reduction in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Suicide

Hunter, E. — 2007-08-14T11:20:43Z

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander university students' conceptions of formal learning and experiences of informal learning

2008-06-10T11:09:03Z

This paper describes an investigation of conceptions of learning held by 22 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students from three universities in Queensland, Australia. Other areas investigated were students' experiences of informal learning, their reasons for studying and the strategies they used to learn. Research into conceptions of learning is gaining impetus and current beliefs include the premise that approaches to learning adopted by university students, and hence learning outcomes, are closely related to their conceptions of learning. There is substantial research focused on Aboriginal learning styles in early childhood and primary school which indicates that Aboriginal children prefer to learn in a practical way as well as through observation and imitation and trial and error. Very little research has focused specifically on Aboriginal university students' conceptions of learning. Results of this study found that these students view and approach formal university learning in much the same way as other university students and most hold quantitative conceptions of learning. The most interesting result was the difference between students' conceptions of formal learning and their experiences of informal learning. Many students' experiences of informal learning were grounded in practical activities or exhibited a cultural focus, however, most formal learning is not dependent upon practical or cultural knowledge. It is proposed that formal learning for Indigenous students recognise and include an Indigenous perspective such as integrating, where appropriate, practical strategies for learning. We also suggest that Indigenous students be helped to develop conceptions that will enable them to learn formal, theoretical material successfully.

Aboriginal Health: A sick minority skews statistics

Dugdale, A. E. og Watlemaro, I. — 2007-08-14T15:36:01Z

A brief historical background to health research in Indienous communities.

Hunter, E. M. M. — 2007-08-14T15:34:01Z

A brief intervention for comorbidity of substance abuse and mental disorder

2007-08-13T13:18:06Z

A brief motivational intervention for substance misuse in recent-onset psychosis

2007-08-15T04:34:02Z

Substance misuse is common in early psychosis, and impacts negatively on outcomes. Little is known about effective interventions for this population. We report a pilot study of brief intervention for substance misuse in early psychosis ( Start Over and Survive: SOS), comparing it with Standard Care(SC). Twenty-five in-patients aged 18 - 35 years with early psychosis and current misuse of non-opioid drugs were allocated randomly to conditions. Substance use and related problems were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks and 3, 6 and 12 months. Final assessments were blind to condition. All 13 SOS participants who proceeded to motivational interviewing reported less substance use at 6 months, compared with 58% (7/12) in SC alone. Effects were well maintained to 12 months. However, more SOS participants lived with a relative or partner, and this also was associated with better outcomes. Engagement remained challenging: 39% (16/41) declined participation and 38% (5/13) in SOS only received rapport building. Further research will increase sample size, and address both engagement and potential confounds.

A Broader View of Renal Disease: Findings in Aboriginal Australia

2009-03-11T10:38:11Z

A Bronchoscopic scoring system for airway secretions - Airway cellularity and microbiological validation

2007-08-15T09:40:21Z

There is currently no validated scoring system for quantification of airway secretions in children. A user friendly, valid scoring system of airway secretions during flexible bronchoscopy (FB) would be useful for comparative purposes in clinical medicine and research. The objective of this study was to validate our bronchoscopic secretion (BS) scoring system by examining the relationship between the amount of secretions seen at bronchoscopy with airway cellularity and microbiology. In 106 children undergoing FIB, the relationship of BS grades with bronchocalveolar lavage (BAL) cellularity and infective state (bacterial and viral infections) were examined using receptor operator curves (ROC). BAL was obtained according to European Respiratory Society guidelines; first lavage for microbiology and second lavage for cellularity Area under the ROC was significant for total cell count (TCC) and neutrophil % but not for lymphocyte %. BS grade significantly related to infection positive state (chi(2)(trend) = 5.85, P = 0,016). The area under the ROC for infection positive state versus BS grade was 0.645, 95% Cl 0.527-0.763. The BS scoring system is a valid method for quantifying airway secretions in children undergoing bronchoscopy The system related well to airway cellularity and neutrophilia, as well as to an airway infective state. However, the system is only complementary to cell counts and cultures and cannot replace these laboratory quantification techniques.

Absence of antinociceptive cross-tolerance between supraspinal oxycodone and intravenous morphine in the dark agouti rat

Nielsen, C. og Ross, F. B. og Smith, M. T. — 2008-06-06T13:55:15Z

Absorption of sunscreens across human skin: an evaluation of commercial products for children and adults

2007-08-13T11:23:55Z

Aims Topical sunscreens are routinely applied to the skin by a large percentage of the population. This study assessed the extent of absorption of a number of common chemical sunscreen agents into and through human skin following application of commercially available products. Methods Sunscreen products were applied to excised human epidermis in Franz diffusion cells with the amount penetrating into and across the epidermis assessed by h.p.l.c. for 8 h following application. Results All sunscreen agents investigated penetrated into the skin (0.25 g m(-2) or 14% of applied dose), but only benzophenone-3 passed through the skin in significant amounts (0.08 g m(-2) or 10% of the applied dose). With one exception, suncreen agents in corresponding products marketed for adults and children had similar skin penetration profiles. Conclusions Whilst limited absorption across the skin was observed for the majority of the sunscreens tested, benzophenone-3 demonstrated sufficiently high penetration to warrant further investigation of its continued application.

Academic Medical Centers and Conflicts of Interest

Ting, Joseph Y. S. — 2006-07-31T00:00:00Z

The author suggests a combination of educational outreach, clinical audits, mailed feedback of prescribing data, interactive peer group meetings, problem-based learning, and dissemination of prescribing guidelines to improve evidence-based general practitioner prescribing.

Academic medicine: the evidence base

2007-08-15T03:30:01Z

Academic Neurology in Australia

Eadie, M. J. — 2008-06-10T10:44:19Z

Acadmeic performatnce of medical students attending rural clincal schools: a comparison of 3rd year medical students attending rural or urban clincal schools in Queensland

2007-08-23T20:40:01Z

A Canadian survey of the management of corticosteroid induced osteoporosis

2008-06-10T10:40:12Z

Acanthamoeba keratitis cluster: an increase in Acanthamoeba keratitis in Australia

2009-06-15T11:16:41Z

A cardiovascular extension of the Health Measurement Questionnaire

2008-06-10T14:56:54Z