School of Human Movement Studies Publications - UQ eSpace

A new valid and reliable windtrainer VO2max protocol

2008-02-18T00:00:00Z

Aim. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) cycling protocols usually require expensive laboratory ergometers where the athlete is unaccustomed to the cycling position. Recently, we developed a VO2max speed-ramped protocol with an indoor cycling simulator (Cateye Windtrainer WT) allowing cyclists to use their own bicycles during the VO2max test. The aim of this study was to test the validity of the WT protocol by comparing it with a traditional (TD) resistance-ramped protocol using an electronically braked ergometer. In addition, the retest reliability of the WT protocol was also determined. Methods. Twenty experienced cyclists randomly completed 6 VO2max protocols consisting of one familiarization trial and two tests on the WT and TD protocols. Results. There were minimal differences in maximal oxygen uptake values between protocols (WT 64.1 +/- 7.1, TD 63.3 +/- 7.4 mL/kg/min). The variability in the difference of the means between the two protocols was 0.8 mL/kg/min (95 % confidence interval Cl: -0.26-2.02), the coefficient of variation (CV) was 2.8 % (95 % Cl: 2.2-4.2%) and the interclass correlation was r=0.94 (P<0.01; 95 % Cl: 0.86-0.98). The intratest difference within the WT protocol was 1.5% (95%CI: -1.9-5%), CV=5.3% (95%Cl: 4.1-8%) and the retest correlation was r--0.81 (P<0.01; 95 % Cl: 0.57-0.92). Conclusion. The WT speed-ramped protocol is a valid and reliable method to assess VO2max.

An examination of athlete reported training activities in high and low decision-making sports

2008-06-06T00:00:00Z

An examination of the sport drug control model with elite Australian athletes

2011-12-27T00:00:00Z

An Experimental Test of Self-theories of Ability in Youth Sport

2009-03-02T00:00:00Z

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine causal links between implicit beliefs about sport ability and situational achievement goals among 123 secondary school students (54 males, 69 females; mean age=13.40 years, SD=1.18) from one school in the English Midlands. Cognitive, affective, and behavioural indicators were assessed to test for differences between two experimental groups (entity-induced and incremental-induced beliefs) and a control group in the face of achievement setbacks. Method Field experiment. Results Support was found for a causal link between sport ability beliefs and achievement goals both before and after failure on a sport task. Ability attributions for failure were stronger for entity theorists but there were no differences between groups on affective reactions and willingness to participate in a future training programme, probably due to high incremental beliefs in all participants. Conclusion Discussion centres on the links between entity and incremental beliefs, achievement goals and motivational outcomes in youth sport. Moreover, implications for future studies that seek to manipulate individuals' sport ability beliefs are examined.

An expertise approach to examining the attentional demands of a basketball set shot.

Rendell, M. og Farrow, Damian — 2009-03-04T00:00:00Z

An exploratory examination of the coaching behaviour scale for sport

2008-06-10T00:00:00Z

An IGF-I promoter polymorphism modifies the relationships between birth weight and risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes at age 36

2009-04-06T00:00:00Z

An in-depth profile of successfully engaged new Canadian coaches

2009-03-04T00:00:00Z

An in-situ examination of the timing of information pick-up for interception by cricket batsmen of different skill levels

2009-12-09T00:00:00Z

An instrument to assess the obesogenic environment of child care centers

2009-12-15T00:00:00Z

OBJECTIVES: To describe protocol and interobserver agreements of an instrument to evaluate nutrition and physical activity environments at child care. METHODS: Interobserver data were collected from 9 child care centers, through direct observation and document review (17 observer pairs). RESULTS: Mean agreement between observer pairs was 87.26% and 79.29% for the observation and document review, respectively. Items with lower agreement were primarily staff behavior, counting across the day/week, and policy classifications. CONCLUSIONS: Although some revisions are required, the interobserver agreement for the environment and policy assessment and observation (EPAO instrument) appears to be quite good for assessing the nutrition and physical activity environment of child care centers.

An integrated physiological and performance profile of professional tennis

2009-03-05T00:00:00Z

Objective: Describe the physiological responses to tournament tennis in relation with prevailing environmental conditions, match notation and skills that underpin performance. Design: Fourteen male professional tennis players (mean (SD) age: 21.4 (2.6) yr; height: 183.0 (6.9) cm; body mass: 79.2 (6.4) kg) were studied whilst contesting international tennis tournaments. Environmental conditions, match notation, physiological (core temperature, hydration status, heart rate, blood variables) and performance parameters (serve kinematics, serve velocity, error rates) were recorded. Results: Hard and clay court tournaments elicited similar peak core temperature (38.9 (0.3) vs. 38.5 (0.6) °C) and average heart rate (152 (15) vs. 146 (19) bpm) but different body mass deficit (1.05 (0.49) vs. 0.32 (0.56) %, p < 0.05). Average pre-match urine specific gravity was 1.022 (0.004). Time between points was longer during hard court matches (25.1 (4.3) vs. 17.2 (3.3) s, p < 0.05). Qualitative analysis of first and second serves, respectively, revealed inverse relationships between the position of the tossing arm at ball release and the position of the ball toss and progressive match time (r = -0.74 and r = -0.73, p < 0.05) and incurred body mass deficit (r = 0.73 and r = 0.73, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Participants commenced matches in a poor state of hydration, experienced moderate thermoregulatory strain and dehydration during competition. These adverse physiological conditions may compromise performance and influence notational analyses.

An intervention designed to enhance task orientation and improve attributions

Hanrahan, S.J. og Seefeld, N. A. S. — 2007-08-23T00:00:00Z

An intervention framework for collaboration

Claiborne, Nancy og Lawson, Hal A. — 2009-03-09T00:00:00Z

This paper provides an intervention framework for collaboration to improve services. When collaboration is an intervention, its development and effectiveness depend on intervention logic. Intervention logic requires a precise conceptualization of collaboration. This conceptualization emphasizes its vital and unique components. It includes a developmental progression in which collaboration is contrasted with companion concepts. It also includes progress benchmarks, outcome measures, and logic models. These models depict relations among the benchmarks and outcomes, and they identify the mediating and moderating variables that account for collaboration's development and effectiveness. These models are designed to improve planning, evaluation, and their relations. This intervention framework for collaboration contrasts sharply with other conceptualizations and strategies. Although its aim is to unify and improve collaboration policy and practice, its inherent selectivity is an obvious limitation. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

An introduction to ManTRA: A tool for manual task risk assessment

2008-04-23T00:00:00Z

An introduction to mental toughness in sport: developments in research and theory

Gordon, Sandy og Gucciardi, Daniel F. — 2011-10-18T00:00:00Z

An introduction to strength and power assessment

2008-06-06T00:00:00Z

An introductory analysis of American university partnerships

Lawson, H. — 2009-03-06T00:00:00Z

An investigation of early career teachers' perceptions of professional development opportunities and career advancement for teachers in rural and remote Queensland

Motley, E. og Rossi, A.J. og King, S. — 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

An investigation of subjective sleep and fatigue measures for use with elite athletes

Dickinson, Rebecca K. og Hanrahan, Stephanie J. — 2010-03-02T00:00:00Z

This study investigated the properties of the Athens Insomnia Scale (Soldatos et al., 2000), the Fatigue Severity Scale (Krupp et al., 1989), and subscales of the SLEEP-50 Questionnaire (Spoormaker et al., 2005) in elite Australian athletes, to determine their appropriateness for this population. Fifty-nine athletes (29 male, 30 female, M = 21.86 yrs, SD = 7.44) from elite basketball, rowing, netball, beach volleyball, and sailing squads completed measures. A subset (n = 20) completed measures again at a 1-month interval, and a further subset (n = 5) were interviewed about their thoughts regarding the measures and their understanding of sleep. All scales and subscales displayed high internal consistency, apart from that which contained items not theoretically related, and all displayed good 1-month test-retest reliability. All measures were significantly correlated, demonstrating convergent validity. Athletes reported few sleep problems, but moderate fatigue. Athletes stated the measures produced accurate reflections of their sleep and fatigue, but also suggested improvements. Research limitations and implications are discussed.

An investigation of the effectiveness of Bolle's competivision sunglasses on tennis performance

Farrow, D. og Southgate, D. — 2008-06-06T00:00:00Z

An investigation of the mechanical, energetic and kinetic triggers associated with human walk-to-run transition

2008-06-06T00:00:00Z

Ankle position and voluntary contraction alter maximal M waves in soleus and tibialis anterior

2009-02-25T00:00:00Z

Compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) recorded using surface electrodes are often used to assess the excitability of neural pathways to skeletal muscle. However, the amplitude of CMAPs can be influenced by changes at the recording site, independent of mechanisms within the central nervous system. We quantified how joint angle and background contraction influenced CMAP amplitude. In seven subjects CMAPs evoked by supramaximal transcutaneous electrical stimulation of motor axons (Mmax) were recorded using surface electrodes from soleus and tibialis anterior (TA) at static positions over the full range of ankle movement at 5° intervals. Across subjects the peak-to-peak amplitude of Mmax was 155% and 159% larger at the shortest than longest muscle lengths for soleus and TA, respectively. In five subjects the effect of ankle position and voluntary contraction on M-wave/H-reflex recruitment curves was assessed in the soleus. Both ankle position and level of contraction significantly influenced Mmax, Hmax, and the Hmax to Mmax ratio, but there were no interactions between the two parameters. These peripheral changes that influence Mmax will also impact other CMAPs such as submaximal M-waves, H-reflexes, and responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation. As such, during experimental studies CMAPs evoked at a given joint angle and contraction level should be normalized to Mmax recorded at similar joint angle and contraction strength. Muscle Nerve, 2007

A non-invasive method for determining maturational status in adolescent boys and girls in longitudinal investigations

2010-07-06T00:00:00Z

An orthogonal-based decoupling method for MRI phased array coil design

2012-05-23T00:00:00Z

Another major win for physiotherapy - Curing patellofemoral pain

Khan, Karim M. — 2010-09-28T00:00:00Z

Another stone on the chook house roof

Macdonald, D. — 2008-06-06T00:00:00Z

Anterior-posterior bending strength at the tibial shaft increases with physical activity in boys: Evidence for non-uniform geometric adaptation

2010-09-29T00:00:00Z

Anthropometric-based selection and sprint kayak training in children

Aitken, DA og Jenkins, DG — 2007-08-13T00:00:00Z

A 12 week kayak training programme was evaluated in children who either had or did not have the anthropometric characteristics identified as being unique to senior elite sprint kayakers. Altogether, 234 male and female school children were screened to select 10 children with and 10 children without the identified key anthropometric characteristics. Before and after training, the children completed an all-out 2 min kayak ergometer simulation test; measures of oxygen consumption, plasma lactate and total work accomplished were recorded. In addition, a 500 m time trial was performed at weeks 3 and 12. The coaches were unaware which 20 children possessed those anthropometric characteristics deemed to favour development of kayak ability. All children improved in both the 2 min ergometer simulation test and 500 m time trial. However, boys who were selected according to favourable anthropometric characteristics showed greater improvement than those without such characteristics in the 2 min ergometer test only. In summary, in a small group of children selected according to anthropometric data unique to elite adult kayakers, 12 weeks of intensive kayak training did not influence the rate of improvement of on-water sprint kayak performance.

Anthropometric estimates of % fat in children based on dual energy x ray absorptiometry

2010-07-07T00:00:00Z

Anthropometry, physical performance, and ultrasound patellar tendon abnormality in elite junior basketball players: A cross-sectional study

2009-03-10T00:00:00Z

Objective: Patellar tendinopathy has been reported to be associated with many intrinsic risk factors. Few have been fully investigated. This cross-sectional study examined the anthropometric and physical performance results of elite junior basketball players with normal or abnormal patellar tendons to see if any measures were associated with changes in tendon morphology. Methods: Agility, leg strength, endurance, and flexibility were measured in 71 male and 64 female players. A blinded radiologist ultrasonographically examined their patellar tendons and athletes were grouped as having normal or abnormal tendons. One-way ANOVA was used to test for differences in anthropometric and physical performance data for athletes whose tendons were normal or abnormal (unilateral or bilateral tendinopathy) on ultrasound. Results: Results show that females with abnormalities in their tendons had a significantly better vertical jump (50.9 +/- 6.8 cm) than those with normal tendons (46.1 +/- 5.4 cm) (p = 0.02). This was not found in males. In males, the mean sit and reach in those with normal tendons (13.2 +/- 6.7 cm) was greater (p<0.03) than in unilateral tendinopathy (10.3 +/- 6.2 cm) or in bilateral tendinopathy (7.8 +/- 8.3 cm). In females, those with normal tendons (13.3 +/- 4.8 cm) and bilateral tendinopathy (15.8 +/- 6.2 cm) were distinctly different from those with unilateral tendinopathy (7.9 +/- 6.6 cm). Conclusion: Flexibility and vertical jump ability are associated with patellar tendinopathy and the findings warrant consideration when managing young, jumping athletes

Anthropometry profiles of elite rugby players: quantifying changes in lean mass

2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

Objective: To demonstrate the utility of a practical measure of lean mass for monitoring changes in the body composition of athletes. Methods: Between 1999 and 2003 body mass and sum of seven skinfolds were recorded for 40 forwards and 32 backs from one Super 12 rugby union franchise. Players were assessed on 13 (7) occasions ( mean (SD)) over 1.9 (1.3) years. Mixed modelling of log transformed variables provided a lean mass index (LMI) of the form mass/skinfolds(x), for monitoring changes in mass controlled for changes in skinfold thickness. Mean effects of phase of season and time in programme were modelled as percentage changes. Effects were standardised for interpretation of magnitudes. Results: The exponent x was 0.13 for forwards and 0.14 for backs ( 90% confidence limits +/- 0.03). The forwards had a small decrease in skinfolds ( 5.3%, 90% confidence limits +/- 2.2%) between preseason and competition phases, and a small increase ( 7.8%, 90% confidence limits +/- 3.1%) during the club season. A small decrease in LMI (similar to 1.5%) occurred after one year in the programme for forwards and backs, whereas increases in skinfolds for forwards became substantial (4.3%, 90% confidence limits +/- 2.2%) after three years. Individual variation in body composition was small within a season (within subject SD: body mass, 1.6%; skinfolds, 6.8%; LMI, 1.1%) and somewhat greater for body mass (2.1%) and LMI (1.7%) between seasons. Conclusions: Despite a lack of substantial mean changes, there was substantial individual variation in lean mass within and between seasons. An index of lean mass based

Anticipation and decision-making: skills, methods and measures

Williams, Andrew Mark og Abernethy, Bruce — 2013-04-11T14:20:01Z

Anticipation in sport: A review

Abernethy, B. — 2012-06-22T00:00:00Z

Anticipation in squash: Differences in advance cue utilisation between expert and novice players

Abernethy, Bruce — 2012-06-22T00:00:00Z

Anticipation skill and susceptibility to deceptive movement

2008-01-25T00:00:00Z

The ability to detect deceptive movement was examined in skilled and novice rugby players. Participants (14 per group) attempted to predict direction change from video of expert and recreational rugby players changing direction with and without deceptive movement. Confidence associated with judgments was recorded on each trial to seek evidence regarding use of inferential (heuristic-based) and direct-perceptual (invariant-based) judgments. Novices were found to be susceptible to deceptive movement whereas skilled participants were not; however, both skilled and novice participants were more confident on trials containing deceptive movement. The data suggest that the skill-level difference in sensitivity to advance visual information extends to deceptive information. The implications of this finding, and the importance of considering the underlying process of anticipation skill, are discussed.

Anticipatory behavior and expert performance

2012-11-23T15:19:38Z

Two complementary but fundamentally difference approaches can be employed when attempting to understand how skill in sport is acquired.

Antioxidant requirements of endurance athletes: Implications for health

2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

This review discusses studies investigating the effects of antioxidant supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress with a focus on the health implications. The aim is to determine antioxidant requirements for endurance athletes. Overall, differences in methodology make it difficult to compare the relatively small number of published studies on this topic. The types of studies needed to more adequately assess the health effects of antioxidant supplements in athletes (long-term interventions with hard end points) have not been done. Therefore, there is currently insufficient evidence to recommend antioxidant supplements for endurance athletes.

Antioxidants and exercise

Coombes, J. S. — 2007-08-24T00:00:00Z

Antioxidants, exercise and Australian and New Zealand cardiologists

Coombes, J. S. og Gore, P. — 2007-08-14T00:00:00Z

No abstract

Antioxidant supplementation, cyclosporine and glomerular filtration rate in renal transplant recipients

2007-08-23T00:00:00Z

Antioxidant supplementation during exercise training: Beneficial or detrimental?

Peternelj, Tina-Tinkara og Coombes, Jeff S. — 2011-12-11T00:00:00Z

High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in skeletal muscle during exercise have been associated with muscle damage and impaired muscle function. Supporting endogenous defence systems with additional oral doses of antioxidants has received much attention as a noninvasive strategy to prevent or reduce oxidative stress, decrease muscle damage and improve exercise performance. Over 150 articles have been published on this topic, with almost all of these being small-scale, low-quality studies. The consistent finding is that antioxidant supplementation attenuates exercise-induced oxidative stress. However, any physiological implications of this have yet to be consistently demonstrated, with most studies reporting no effects on exercise-induced muscle damage and performance. Moreover, a growing body of evidence indicates detrimental effects of antioxidant supplementation on the health and performance benefits of exercise training. Indeed, although ROS are associated with harmful biological events, they are also essential to the development and optimal function of every cell. The aim of this review is to present and discuss 23 studies that have shown that antioxidant supplementation interferes with exercise training-induced adaptations. The main findings of these studies are that, in certain situations, loading the cell with high doses of antioxidants leads to a blunting of the positive effects of exercise training and interferes with important ROS-mediated physiological processes, such as vasodilation and insulin signalling. More research is needed to produce evidence-based guidelines regarding the use of antioxidant supplementation during exercise training. We recommend that an adequate intake of vitamins and minerals through a varied and balanced diet remains the best approach to maintain the optimal antioxidant status in exercising individuals.

Antioxidant supplementation reduces skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis

2011-03-10T00:00:00Z

Antioxidant therapy in hemodialysis patients: A systematic review

Coombes, Jeff S. og Fassett, Robert G. — 2011-10-28T00:00:00Z

Anti-Sport Sentiments in Literature: Batting for the Opposition

Bale, John R. — 2009-02-26T00:00:00Z

An unexpected role for visual feedback in vehicle steering control

2007-03-20T00:00:00Z

Some motor tasks can be completed, quite literally, with our eyes shut. Most people can touch their nose without looking or reach for an object after only a brief glance at its location. This distinction leads to one of the defining questions of movement control: is information gleaned prior to starting the movement sufficient to complete the task (open loop), or is feedback about the progress of the movement required (closed loop)? One task that has commanded considerable interest in the literature over the years is that of steering a vehicle, in particular lane-correction and lane-changing tasks. Recent work has suggested that this type of task can proceed in a fundamentally open loop manner [1 and 2], with feedback mainly serving to correct minor, accumulating errors. This paper reevaluates the conclusions of these studies by conducting a new set of experiments in a driving simulator. We demonstrate that, in fact, drivers rely on regular visual feedback, even during the well-practiced steering task of lane changing. Without feedback, drivers fail to initiate the return phase of the maneuver, resulting in systematic errors in final heading. The results provide new insight into the control of vehicle heading, suggesting that drivers employ a simple policy of “turn and see,” with only limited understanding of the relationship between steering angle and vehicle heading.

Anxieties and aspirations: The making of active, informed citizens

2011-01-23T00:00:00Z

A one season prospective cohort study of volleyball injuries

2009-04-06T00:00:00Z

A one-year home-based lifestyle intervention is effective in improving insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes

2008-04-22T00:00:00Z

A One-Year Lifestyle Intervention Improves Myocardial Function and Exercise Capacity in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

2011-10-02T00:00:00Z

Aortic pressure during exercise is significantly elevated with age and hypercholesterolemia

2007-08-13T00:00:00Z