School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Publications - UQ eSpace

The Health Care Team Challenge: The key to implementing interprofessional education in an inter-organizational, international setting

2010-03-11T00:00:00Z

The Health of the Nation Outcome Scales, Canada (HoNOS-CAN)

Kisely, S. — 2009-12-10T00:00:00Z

The health workforce of the future - partnerships in health care

Brooks, P M — 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

The 2000 Healthy Food Assess Basket (HRAB) Survey

2007-08-14T00:00:00Z

The ICF Activities and Participation related to speech-language pathology

O'Halloran, R. og Larkins, B. — 2008-11-04T00:00:00Z

Increasingly speech-language pathologists are considering the effects of a client's communication and/or swallowing disability on the client's day to day life. The activities and life situations that make up a person's everyday life are described in the Activities and Participation component of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). This paper describes the Activities and Participation component of the ICF and how communication is currently represented in this component. This paper then explores the current debate between the concepts of activities and participation and how this can continue to inform and develop our understanding of communication activity and communication participation into the future.

The ICF and third-party disability: Its application to spouses of older people with hearing impairment

Scarinci, N. og Worrall, L. og Hickson, L. — 2009-12-13T00:00:00Z

The ICF body functions and structures related to speech-language pathology

McCormack, J. og Worrall, L. — 2009-03-23T00:00:00Z

The ICF Contextual Factors related to speech-language pathology

Howe, T. — 2009-03-23T00:00:00Z

The ICF: foundations for a common understanding of measurement

2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

The ICF is all about the person and more: A response to Duchan, Simmons-Mackie, Boles, and McLeod

Threats, T. og Worrall, L.E. — 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

The ILAR lecture - The burden of rheumatic diseases; The global perspective

Brooks, P — 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

The immediate effect of physical activity on standing balance in healthy and balance-impaired older people

2009-09-03T00:00:00Z

The immediate effects of foot orthoses on functional performance in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome

2012-03-28T00:00:00Z

The impact of a cerebellar tumour on language function in childhood

2008-02-18T00:00:00Z

Background/Aims: Childhood-acquired cerebellar studies to date have appeared to present a concordant pattern of specific neuropsychological profiles depending on lesion site. The aim was to determine the impact of a cerebellar tumour specifically on language function in children by reporting both the general and high-level language abilities of 4 cases with differing sites of hemispheric and vermal involvement. Methods: The language abilities of 4 children ( aged from 7 years 9 months to 13 years), treated with surgery and/or radiotherapy for cerebellar tumour 6 months to 3 years previously, were examined. A standardized battery of general and high-level language assessments was administered. Results: Analysis revealed intact abilities across all 4 cases on measures of general language, including receptive language, expressive language, receptive vocabulary and naming. While 2 of the 4 cases also demonstrated intact high-level language skills across all measures, the remaining 2 demonstrated specific deficits in linguistic problem solving at 6 months after treatment. Follow-up assessment of 1 case also demonstrated further decline in this area 12 months later. Conclusion: Findings of high-level language deficits in problem solving in 2 of the 4 cases examined supported previous reports of specific impairments in high-level language and in thinking flexibility and problem solving following cerebellar hemispheric damage in childhood. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.

The impact of androgenic hormones on larygeal function in women.

2008-06-06T00:00:00Z

The impact of an implementation workshop on practice

2011-10-20T00:00:00Z

The impact of autisic spectrum disorder on the play of preschool children

2008-06-06T00:00:00Z

The impact of caring for a child with cerebral palsy: Quality of life for mothers and fathers

2010-01-10T00:00:00Z

The impact of child abuse on children's play: A conceptual model

Cooper, Rodney J. — 2008-06-10T00:00:00Z

The impact of chronic illness: partnerships with other healthcare professionals

Brooks, Peter M. — 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

Healthcare workforce shortfalls require a rethinking of models for delivering care to people with chronic disease. Chronic disease needs to be managed by a multiskilled team of healthcare professionals with specialist input. Education at undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate levels needs to prepare healthcare professionals for this new paradigm. Some tasks currently seen only as part of a doctor's purview could be performed by other trained professionals to allow doctors to concentrate on more appropriate activities. We need to explore new collaborations to deliver multidisciplinary healthcare for chronic disease and evaluate these for patient outcomes and cost effectiveness.

The impact of Cisplatin-based chemotherapy on everyday attention

2008-06-06T00:00:00Z

The impact of communication disability on interdisciplinary discussion in rehabilitation case conferences

Ferguson, A og Worrall, L og Sherratt, S — 2009-11-23T00:00:00Z

The impact of defensive denial upon adjustment following traumatic brain injury

Ownsworth, T. — 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

The impact of hearing impairment on quality of life of older people

2007-08-14T00:00:00Z

The impact of home maintenance and modification services on aging in place

2010-03-11T00:00:00Z

Based on 30 in-depth interviews, this paper explores the reasons older people decide to age in place and the difficulties they experience in maintaining their homes and managing daily activities in houses that were not designed with older people in mind. It will also report on the range of maintenance supports they access and modifications undertaken.

The impact of intra-familial child abuse and neglect on pre-school children's play: Implications for practice

2007-08-23T00:00:00Z

The impact of maxillary advancement on nasality in a non-cleft population

2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

The impact of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) on language function: More than meets the eye?

Whelan, BM og Murdoch, BE — 2007-10-17T00:00:00Z

The impact of neurodynamic testing on the perception of experimentally induced muscle pain

2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

Neurodynamic tests such as the straight leg raising (SLR) and slump test are frequently used for assessment of mechanosensitivity of neural tissues. However, there is ongoing debate in the literature regarding the contributions of neural and non-neural tissues to the elicited symptoms because many structures are affected by these tests. Sensitizing manoeuvres are limb or spinal movements added to neurodynamic tests, which aim to identify the origin of the symptoms by preferentially loading or unloading neural structures. A prerequisite for the use of sensitizing manoeuvres to identify neural involvement is that the addition of sensitizing manoeuvres has no impact on pain perception when the origin of the pain is non-neural. In this study, experimental muscle pain was induced by injection of hypertonic saline in tibialis anterior or soleus in 25 asymptomatic, naive volunteers. A first experiment investigated the impact of hip adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation in the SLR position. In a second experiment, the different stages of the slump test were examined. The intensity and area of experimentally induced muscle pain did not increase when sensitizing manoeuvres were added to the SLR or throughout the successive stages of the slump test. The findings of this study lend support to the validity of the use of sensitizing manoeuvres during neurodynamic testing. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The impact of pallidotomy on motor speech function in parkinson disease

2008-06-10T00:00:00Z

The study investigated the effects of pallidotomy on speech intelligibility and motor speech function in patients with Parkinson disease. The speech intelligibility of a group of 12 subjects was assessed prepallidotomy and three months postpallidotomy. Results revealed a significant reduction in sentence intelligibility postpallidotomy for the 12 subjects. A subgroup of four subjects underwent a battery of physiological assessments to evaluate respiratory, laryngeal, velopharyngeal, and tongue function pre- and postpallidotomy. Physiological changes in motor speech function evident postpallidotomy were either negative or nonexistent in the majority of speech subsystems, with improvements noted in some components of the speech mechanism. High inter- and intrasubject variability was apparent across the four subjects. Results are discussed in relation to the possible role of the globus pallidus in motor speech control.

The impact of stroke on informal caregivers and intervention implications for occupational therapists: A literature review

Lloyd, C. A. — 2007-08-24T00:00:00Z

The importance of pre-analysis windowing on auditory brainstem response fast Fourier transform analysis

Wilson, Wayne J og Aghdasi, Farzin — 2007-10-17T00:00:00Z

Analysis of auditory brainstem response (ABR) frequency content using fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis has been used to improve ABR sensitivity and specificity as a diagnostic/site of lesion assessment tool, to improve our understanding of ABR components, and to guide ABR stimulus and recording parameter settings. Threatening this success, however, is the literature's poor control of pre-FFT windowing of the ABR prior to ABR FFT analysis. This study examined the significance of using no (NW), vs Blackman (BW), vs modified Blackman (MBW) pre-FFT windows on the FFT analysis of ABRs recorded from normal subjects. Pre-PET windowing was shown to significantly reduce (p < 0.00005) ABR FFT magnitudes, but not frequencies, with BW causing greater reductions than MEW. The high significance of these results shows that choice of pre-FFT window is critical in any ABR FFT analysis. (c) 2001 Taylor & Francis

The incidence of visual perceptual impairment in patients with severe traumatic brain injury

2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

The incorporation of environmental variables in outcome measurement: A current challenge and future frontier being explored by CONROD

2007-08-24T00:00:00Z

The influence of a concurrent cognitive task on the compensatory stepping response to a perturbation in balance-impaired and healthy elders

2007-08-14T00:00:00Z

This study investigated the influence of a concurrent cognitive task on the compensatory stepping response in balance-impaired elders and the attentional demand of the stepping response. Kinetic, kinematic and neuromuscular measures of a forward recovery step were investigated in 15 young adults, 15 healthy elders and 13 balance-impaired elders in a single task (postural recovery only) and dual task (postural recovery and vocal reaction time task) situation. Results revealed that reaction times were longer in all subjects when performed concurrently with a compensatory step, they were longer for a step than an in-place response and longer for balance-impaired older adults compared with young adults. An interesting finding was that the latter group difference may be related to prioritization between the two tasks rather than attentional demand, as the older adults completed the step before the reaction time, whereas the young adults could perform both concurrently. Few differences in step characteristics were found between tasks, with the most notable being a delayed latency and reduced magnitude of the early automatic postural response in healthy and balance-impaired elders with a concurrent task. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

The influence of body position on leg kinematics and muscle recruitment during cycling

2008-05-08T00:00:00Z

The effects of upper body orientation on neuromuscular control of the leg during cycling are not well understood. Our aim was to investigate the effects of upper body orientation on control of movement of distal leg segments during cycling. We compared three-dimensional leg and foot kinematics and muscle recruitment patterns between upright and aerodynamic riding positions. Comparisons were made between 10 elite cyclists, 10 elite triathletes and 10 novice cyclists. We found that upper body orientation did not influence kinematics of the leg and foot or primary muscle activity (i.e., the main bursts of muscle activity). The aerodynamic riding position was, however, associated with less modulation of muscle activity (i.e., less relaxation of the muscle during secondary muscle activity) and greater coactivity in elite triathletes and novice cyclists. Our results suggest that orientation of the upper body influences neuromuscular control of the leg during cycling in elite triathletes and novice cyclists. The change in muscle recruitment (i.e., the change in how the goal movement was achieved) implies that the ability of the central nervous system to execute the cycling movement in the most skilled manner was adversely influenced by upper body orientation in elite triathletes and novice cyclists. Less modulation of muscle activity and greater coactivation in elite triathletes when cycling in the aerodynamic position, and the similarity of changes shown in elite triathletes and novice cyclists, may be interpreted as further evidence of less skilled control of movement in elite triathletes when compared to cyclists matched for cycling training history.

The influence of branched-chain amino acids on the glycaemic and insulin responses to a glucose solution consumed at rest

2009-10-08T00:00:00Z

The present investigation compared changes in plasma glucose and insulin concentrations at rest following ingestion of a solution of glucose and NaC1, and a solution of glucose, NaC1 and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). On one occasion, nine healthy male subjects consumed 15 g of glucose and 60 mg of NaC1 dissolved in 700 mL of water. On a second occasion, they consumed 15 g of glucose, 60 mg of NaC1, 5 g of valine, 5 g of leucine and 5 g of isoleucine, also in 700 mL of water. Venous blood was sampled every 15 minutes for two hours; subjects remained seated and inactive. There was neither a significant main effect of the BCAAs on insulin nor were there differences in the areas under the two insulin time-curves over the two-hour period. However, ingestion of the BCAAs significantly lowered plasma glucose concentrations from 45 minutes onwards and reduced the area under the glucose time-curve for the entire two hours (P < 0.01). The data show that 15 g of BCAAs when consumed with glucose at rest will increase clearance of glucose from the blood. (author abstract)

The influence of cervical traction, compression, and Spurling test on cervical intervertebral foramen size

2009-12-13T00:00:00Z

The influence of correlated afferent input on motor cortical representations in humans

Schabrun, S. M. og Ridding, M. C. — 2011-02-04T00:00:00Z

Animal models reveal that correlated afferent inputs are a powerful driver of sensorimotor cortex reorganisation. Recently we developed a stimulation paradigm, which evokes convergent afferent input from two hand muscles and induces reorganisation within human motor cortex. Here we investigated whether this reorganisation is characterised by expansion and greater overlap of muscle representation zones, as reported in animal models. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation, we mapped the motor representation of the right first dorsal interosseous (FDI), abductor digiti minimi (ADM) and abductor pollicis brevis (APB) in 24 healthy subjects before and after 1 h of (1) associative stimulation to FDI and ADM motor points, (2) associative stimulation to digits II and V (3) a control condition employing non-correlated stimulation of FDI and ADM motor points. Motor point associative stimulation induced a significant increase in the number of active sites in all three muscles and volume in FDI and ADM. Additionally, the centre of gravity of the FDI and ADM maps shifted closer together. Similar changes were not observed following digital associative stimulation or motor point non-associative stimulation. These novel findings provide evidence that convergent input induces reorganisation of the human motor cortex characterised by expansion and greater overlap of representational zones.

The influence of dopamine on automatic and controlled semantic activation in Parkinson's disease.

2012-03-08T00:00:00Z

The influence of dopamine on semantic activation in Parkinson's disease: Evidence from a multipriming task

2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

Research has suggested that semantic processing deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) are related to striatal dopamine deficiency. As an investigation of the influence of dopamine on semantic activation in PD, 7 participants with PD performed a lexical-decision task when on and off levodopa medication. Seven healthy controls matched to the participants with PD in terms of sex, age, and education also participated in the study. By use of a multipriming paradigm, whereby 2 prime words were presented prior to the target word, semantic priming effects were measured across stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) of 250 Ins and 1,200 Ins. The results revealed a similar pattern of priming across SOAs for the control group and the PD participants on medication. In contrast, within-group comparisons revealed that automatic semantic activation was compromised in PD participants when off medication. The implications of these results for the neuromodulatory influence of dopamine on semantic processing in PD are discussed.

The influence of increasing sacroiliac joint force closure on the hip and lumbar spine extensor muscle firing pattern

2011-03-01T00:00:00Z

The prone hip extension (PHE) test is commonly used in the evaluation of lumbo-pelvic dysfunction. It has been suggested that altered motor control identified by the PHE test can be improved with the application of compression force across the pelvis, to increase force closure on the sacroiliac joint (SIJ). This repeated measure study design investigated the effect of three levels of pelvis compression (0 N, 50 N, 100 N) on the muscle firing pattern during the PHE test in 20 asymptomatic male subjects tested on two occasions 4-weeks apart. The right gluteus maximus, right semitendinosus and bilateral lumbar erector spinae were analyzed using surface electromyography (EMG). Subjects were instructed to perform right hip extension in prone position while maintaining knee-extension in each measurement condition. Compared with the onset of the semitendinosus muscle, gluteus maximus became active 263.3 ± 99.5 ms later with no pelvic compression, 183.5 ± 77.9 ms later with 50 N compression, 91.5 ± 49.7 ms later with 100 N compression. While significant differences (α = 0.05) were found in EMG onset for gluteus maximus under different levels of pelvis compression, this was not the case for the erector spinae, which had an inconsistent pattern of temporal onset and was not influenced by the level of pelvis compression force.

The influence of neck pain on balance and gait parameters in community dwelling elders

2008-03-11T00:00:00Z

Neck pain has been shown to be associated with balance disturbances. Balance and gait speed are also known to decline with ageing. The aim of this study was to determine whether the presence of neck pain was associated with a decline in postural stability and gait speed over and above what is expected with normal ageing. Twenty female subjects with idiopathic neck pain and 20 healthy female controls aged between 65 and 82 years were studied. Subjects performed balance tests on a computerised force plate under conditions of eyes open, eyes closed on firm and soft surfaces in comfortable and narrow stance. Sway energy and root mean square (RMS) amplitude of sway were measured. Subjects also undertook a Timed Ten Metre Walk Test, with and without head turning. There were trends for the elderly group with neck pain to have poorer balance than the healthy controls across most balance conditions, although differences were significant only in the following tests; comfortable stance—eyes closed on a firm surface (p=0.02), eyes open on a soft surface (p=0.01); narrow stance—eyes open on a firm surface (p=0.02). In the Timed Ten meter Walk Test, elderly subjects with neck pain had a slower self-selected gait speed (p=0.02) and cadence (p=0.04) in the head turn condition, as well as a longer gait cycle duration both with (p=0.00) and without head turns (p=0.04). The results of this study suggest that neck pain in the elderly may contribute to some disturbance in balance and gait parameters over and above that which occurs with normal ageing.

The influence of neck pain on sensorimotor function in the elderly

2012-12-21T18:19:24Z

The influence of perturbation amplitude awareness on the reflex neck muscle response of seated subjects

2009-03-05T00:00:00Z

The muscle and kinematic responses of subjects exposed to postural perturbations have been shown to vary with platform acceleration when this acceleration was covaried with platform velocity or displacement. The purpose of the current study was to isolate platform acceleration and examine its effect on the neck muscle response and head kinematics of seated subjects exposed to anterior perturbations. Thirty-six subjects (20 females, 16 males) underwent two blocks of 36 perturbations. Three different perturbations with peak accelerations of 7.7, 14.7, and 21.7 m/s2 up to a common velocity of 0.5 m/s were used. In one block, subjects received an audible warning corresponding to the platform acceleration magnitude, and in the other block, no advance warning was given. Onset and amplitude of the sternocleidomastoid and cervical paraspinal muscle responses were measured using surface electromyography. Kinematic measures included linear and angular accelerations and displacements of the head. The results showed no differences in either the preperturbation posture or the muscle or kinematic responses between the warned and unwarned trials. Significant differences were observed in the onset and amplitude of the muscle and kinematic variables with perturbation acceleration, although these response differences were not linearly graded with perturbation acceleration. Gradation of muscle activation times has not been previously observed in postural perturbation studies, and their gradation with platform acceleration in the current study suggested that platform acceleration was a strong regulator of the reflex muscle response in postural perturbations.

The influence of practice context on occupational therapists' decision making in the management of upper limb hypertonicity

2009-02-25T00:00:00Z

The influence of preparedness on rapid stepping in young and older adults

Brauer, SG og Burns, YR — 2007-08-14T00:00:00Z

Objective: To investigate the influence of age and preparation level on postural muscle activation and step completion time during a rapid step task. Design: Postural muscle onset times (EMG) and ground reaction forces were recorded from healthy young (n = 20, age 21 +/- 3 years) and older (n = 25, age 71 +/- 5 years) female adults during a choice reaction-time stepping paradigm. Main outcome measures: Onset times of six trunk and hip muscles, reaction time and components of the step (weight shift time, step time and task time) were recorded. Results: Muscle activation was delayed and movement time was lengthened in both young and older adults when poorly prepared for a stepping task. While reduced preparation did not influence older adults to a greater extent than young adults, the slowest step response and completion time was evident in older adults when poorly prepared to move. Conclusions: A late postural response when poorly prepared to move may be a contributing factor to an increased risk of overbalancing in older adults. Future assessment of and intervention to improve postural stability in older adults should be expanded to incorporate tasks performed at various levels of preparation.

The influence of professional values on the functional communication approach in aphasia

Worrall, L. E. — 2008-06-06T00:00:00Z

The influence of regional sympathetic blockade with guanethidine on hyperalgesia in patients with lateral epicondylalgia

2008-06-10T00:00:00Z

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role of peripheral noradrenergic mechanisms in the hyperalgesia associated with lateral epicondylalgia. Methods: Under double blind conditions, 20 patients with lateral epicondylalgia received either a regional block with guanethidine or a control block procedure, on two study days separated by a wash out period of at least 14 days. Prior to administration of the block and two hours post administration subjects were evaluated using a number of pain related measures. The measures included: evaluation of pressure pain thresholds, heat pain thresholds, cold pain thresholds, and neurodynamic testing. Results: The study demonstrated improvements in pressure pain threshold [P = 0.01] and range of movement in the neurodynamic test [P = 0.0002] under both experimental conditions. There was, however, a selective improvement in cold pain thresholds under the guanethidine condition [P = 0.036]. Conclusion: The results are discussed in terms of potential mechanisms responsible for hyperalgesia in musculoskeletal pain states. The findings suggest that cold hyperalgesia associated with lateral, epicondylalgia may be sympathetically maintained.

The Influence of Sputum-Like Gel Viscosity on Crackle Characteristics in Mechanically Ventilated Porcine Lung Model

2008-06-10T00:00:00Z