http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/ The University of Queensland en Fez http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:79151 Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a programme of static positional stretches and positioning of the stroke-affected shoulder for maintaining shoulder external rotation and decreasing hemiplegic shoulder pain. Design: Randomized controlled trial with pretest and posttest design. Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation unit. Subjects: Thirty-two participants ( 17 treatment, 15 comparison) with a first time stroke who were admitted for rehabilitation. Interventions: Treatment participants completed a programme of static positional stretches of the stroke-affected shoulder twice daily and positioned the stroke-affected upper limb in an armrest support at all other times when seated. Main measures: The main outcome measures were pain-free range of motion into external rotation, pain in the stroke-affected shoulder at rest and with movement, motor recovery and functional independence. Results: All participants demonstrated a significant loss of external rotation ( P = 0.005) with no significant group differences. All participants demonstrated a significant improvement in motor recovery ( P < 0.01) and functional independence ( P < 0.01) with no significant group differences. There were no significant effects for pain. The comparison group recorded a decrease in mean pain reported with movement from admission to discharge, and the treatment group recorded an increase. Conclusions: Participation in the management programme did not result in improved outcomes. The results of this study do not support the application of the programme of static positional stretches to maintain range of motion in the shoulder. The effect of increasing pain for the treatment group requires further investigation. 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z Gustafsson, L. og McKenna, K. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:59268 This paper proposes the creation of an objectively acquired reference database to more accurately characterize the incidence and longterm risk of relatively infrequent, but serious, adverse events. Such a database would be maintained longitudinally to provide for ongoing comparison with new rheumatologic drug safety databases collecting the occurrences and treatments of rare events, We propose the establishment of product-specific registries to prospectively follow a cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who receive newly approved therapies. In addition, a database is required of a much larger cohort of RA patients treated with multiple second line agents of sufficient size to enable case-controlled determinations of the relative incidence of rare but serious events in the treated (registry) versus the larger disease population, The number of patients necessary for agent-specific registries and a larger patient population adequate to supply a matched case-control cohort will depend upon estimates of the detectability of an increased incidence over background. We suggest a system to carry out this proposal that will involve an umbrella organization. responsible for establishment of this large patient cohort, envisioned to be drawn from around the world. 2007-08-14T00:00:00Z Lipani, JA og Strand, V og Johnson, K og Woodworth, T og Furst, D og Singh, G og Day, R og Brooks, P http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:85243 2007-08-19T00:00:00Z Lipani, J. A. og Strand, V. og Woodworth, T. og Furst, D. og Singh, G. og Johnson, K og Day, R. og Brooks, P. M. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:271129 2012-03-22T00:00:00Z Cartmill, Bena og Cornwell, P. og Ward, L.. og Davidson, W. og Porceddu, S. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:255465 Altered fractionation radiotherapy for head and neck cancer has been associated with improved locoregional control, overall survival, and heightened toxicity compared with conventional treatment. Swallowing, nutrition, and patient-perceived function for altered fractionation radiotherapy with concomitant boost (AFRT-CB) for T1–T3 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have not been previously reported. Fourteen consecutive patients treated with AFRT-CB for oropharyngeal SCC were recruited from November 2006 to August 2009 in a tertiary hospital in Brisbane, Australia. Swallowing, nutrition, and patient-perceived functional impact assessments were conducted pretreatment, at 4–6 weeks post-treatment, and at 6 months post-treatment. Deterioration from pretreatment to 4–6 weeks post-treatment in swallowing, nutrition, and functional impact was evident, likely due to the heightened toxicity associated with AFRT-CB. There was significant improvement at 6 months post-treatment in functional swallowing, nutritional status, patient-perceived swallowing, and overall function, consistent with recovery from acute toxicity. However, weight and patient perception of physical function and side effects remained significantly worse than pretreatment scores. The ongoing deficits related to weight and patient-perceived outcomes at 6 months revealed that this treatment has a long-term impact on function possibly related to the chronic effects of AFRT-CB. 2011-10-13T00:00:00Z Cartmill, Bena og Cornwell, Petrea og Ward, Elizabeth og Davidson, Wendy og Porceddu, Sandro http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:273973 2012-05-14T21:31:24Z Hancock, Kelli og Ward, Elizabeth og Lawson, Nadine og van As-Brooks, Corina J. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:141640 2008-06-10T00:00:00Z Brauer, S. G. og Burns, Y. R. og Galley, P. M. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:271802 2012-03-28T00:00:00Z Watsford, Mark L. og Murphy, Aron J. og McLachlan, Ken A. og Bryant, Adam L. og Cameron, Matt L. og Crossley, Kay M. og Makdissi, Michael http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:235080 2011-03-11T00:00:00Z Haralambous, Betty og Haines, Terry P og Hill, Keith og Moore, Kirsten og Nitz, Jennifer og Robinson, Andrew http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:180874 The direct effects of cycling on movement and muscle recruitment patterns (neuromuscular control) during running are unknown but critical to success in triathlon. We outline and test a new protocol for investigating the direct influence of cycling on neuromuscular control during running. Leg movement (three-dimensional kinematics) and muscle recruitment (surface electromyography, EMG) were compared between a control run (no prior exercise) and a 30-min transition run that was preceded by 20 min of cycling. We conducted three experiments investigating: (a) the repeatability (between-day reliability) of the protocol; (b) the ability of the protocol to investigate, in highly trained national or international triathletes, the direct influence of cycling on neuromuscular control during running independent of neuromuscular fatigue; and (c) the ability of the protocol to provide a control, or baseline, measure of neuromuscular control (determined using a measure of stability) without causing fatigue. Kinematic and EMG measures of neuromuscular control during running showed moderate to high repeatability: mean coefficients of multiple correlation for repeatability of EMG and kinematics were 0.816 ± 0.014 and 0.911 ± 0.031, respectively. The protocol provided a robust baseline measure of neuromuscular control during running without causing neuromuscular fatigue (coefficients of multiple correlation for stability of EMG and kinematics were 0.827 ± 0.023 and 0.862 ± 0.054), while EMG and force data provided no evidence of fatigue. The protocol outlined here is repeatable and can be used to measure any direct influence of cycling on neuromuscular control during running. 2009-09-03T00:00:00Z Chapman, A. R. og Vicenzino, B. og Hodges, P. W. og Blanch, P. og Hahn, A. G. og Milner, T. E. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:180832 Speech-language pathologists working in hospitals have limited opportunities to identify patients with newly acquired communication related impairments and to support patients with communication related impairments to communicate their healthcare needs. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health conceptualizes these different roles as within the Body Functions and Structures component and within the Activities and Participation component respectively. The Inpatient Functional Communication Interview (IFCI) is a measure of how well a patient is able to communicate their healthcare needs in hospital. This study investigated whether a speech-language pathologist could conduct the IFCI and have sufficient information to rate a patient's level of communication related impairments, on newly developed speech, language and cognitive communicative rating scales (named the OHW scales) in a reliable and valid way. This research indicated that the OHW scales had strong and significant concurrent criterion validity and significant interrater reliability. However the most important aspect of interrater reliability for the OHW scales was interrater agreement. Interrater agreement was moderately high for the OHW speech and cognitive communicative scales but low for the OHW language scale. Interrater agreement on the OHW language scale requires further investigation. 2009-09-03T00:00:00Z O'Halloran, R. og Worrall, L. og Hickson, L. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:209226 The ‘feel through range’ and the ‘end-feel’ of the elbow extension, and the elevation of the shoulder girdle during the upper limb tension test for the median nerve are considered important in clinical decision making. As no objective measurements have been published regarding these parameters, a special device was designed in order to obtain objective information on the force by which the shoulder girdle is elevated during the test. The purpose of this technical note is to describe the technical aspects of the device and its practical application. In a pilot study, five asymptomatic subjects have been assessed. The relationship between the elevation of the shoulder girdle and the range of elbow extension has been analysed. The data of five subjects and representative curves of one subject are presented. All five subjects demonstrate a considerable increase in force elevating the shoulder girdle. The results show that the device can be used to measure the force by which the shoulder girdle is elevated throughout the test. Although the number of subjects and the number of repetitions is limited, the data suggest that the method is accurate and that the phenomenon of shoulder girdle elevation during the upper limb tension test in asymptomatic subjects is consistent. 2010-07-20T00:00:00Z Coppieters, Michel W.J. og Stappaerts, Karel H. og Everaert, Dirk G.M. og Staes, Filip F.G.M. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:235075 This study examined rehabilitative audiology clients’ experiences with shared decision making. Adults with acquired hearing impairment and with no previous experience of rehabilitative audiology were recruited for a shared decision making clinical trial. A sample of 22 participants completed an in-depth interview which was transcribed and analyzed using content analysis. The results were organized into an evidence-based model of rehabilitative audiology shared decision making. Participants described decision making by its actors, processes, and dimensions. Two themes, “my story” and “trust,” highlight the importance of a client-centered and ethical approach to shared decision making in rehabilitative audiology. 2011-03-11T00:00:00Z Laplante-Lévesque, Adriane og Hickson, Louise og Worrall, Linda http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:130412 2008-02-18T00:00:00Z Turner, Benjamin og Fleming, Jennifer og Cornwell, Petrea og Worrall, Linda og Ownsworth, Tamara og Haines, Terrence og Kendall, Melissa og Chenoweth, Lesley http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:70931 2007-08-14T00:00:00Z Rahmann, A. E. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:228954 2011-02-11T00:00:00Z Takasaki, Hiroshi og Hall, Toby og Kaneko, Shouta og Ikemoto, Yoshikazu og Jull, Gwendolen http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:192930 2010-01-17T00:00:00Z Michaleff, Z. A, og Maher, C. G. og Jull, G. og Latimer, J. og Connelly, L. B. og Lin, C. W. C. og Rebbeck, T. og Sterling, M. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:12719 Study Design. A multicenter, randomized controlled trial with unblinded treatment and blinded outcome assessment was conducted. The treatment period was 6 weeks with follow-up assessment after treatment, then at 3, 6, and 12 months. Objectives. To determine the effectiveness of manipulative therapy and a low-load exercise program for cervicogenic headache when used alone and in combination, as compared with a control group. Summary of Background Data. Headaches arising from cervical musculoskeletal disorders are common. Conservative therapies are recommended as the first treatment of choice. Evidence for the effectiveness of manipulative therapy is inconclusive and available only for the short term. There is no evidence for exercise, and no study has investigated the effect of combined therapies for cervicogenic headache. Methods. In this study, 200 participants who met the diagnostic criteria for cervicogenic headache were randomized into four groups: manipulative therapy group, exercise therapy group, combined therapy group, and a control group. The primary outcome was a change in headache frequency. Other outcomes included changes in headache intensity and duration, the Northwick Park Neck Pain Index, medication intake, and patient satisfaction. Physical outcomes included pain on neck movement, upper cervical joint tenderness, a craniocervical flexion muscle test, and a photographic measure of posture. Results. There were no differences in headache-related and demographic characteristics between the groups at baseline. The loss to follow-up evaluation was 3.5%. At the 12-month follow-up assessment, both manipulative therapy and specific exercise had significantly reduced headache frequency and intensity, and the neck pain and effects were maintained (P < 0.05 for all). The combined therapies was not significantly superior to either therapy alone, but 10% more patients gained relief with the combination. Effect sizes were at least moderate and clinically relevant. Conclusion. Manipulative therapy and exercise can reduce the symptoms of cervicogenic headache, and the effects are maintained. 2007-02-15T00:00:00Z Jull, Gwendolen og Trott, Patricia og Potter, Helen og Zito, Guy og Niere, Ken og Shirley, Debra og Emberson, Jonathan og Marschner, Ian og Richardson, Carolyn http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:261997 2011-11-23T00:00:00Z Mills, Kathryn og Blanch, Peter og Dev, Priya og Martin, Michael og Vicenzino, Bill http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:228137 2011-02-04T00:00:00Z Leaver, Andrew M. og Maher, Christopher G. og Herbert, Robert D. og Latimer, Jane og McAuley, James H. og Jull, Gwendolen og Refshauge, Kathryn M. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:132014 Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of the Active Communication Education (ACE) program for older people with hearing impairment and to investigate factors that influence response to the program. The ACE is a group program that runs for 2 hr per week for 5 wk. Design: In this double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial, 178 older people with, on average, mild to moderate hearing impairment were randomly allocated to one of two groups. Approximately half had been fitted with hearing aid/s in the past. One group (N = 78) undertook a placebo social program for the first 5 wk, followed by the ACE program. They were assessed before the social program, immediately after it, and then again immediately post-ACE. The other group (N = 100) undertook the ACE program only and were assessed before and after ACE. In addition, 167 participants were reassessed 6 mo after completing ACE. Assessments were all self-report and included two sets of measures: 1) those administered both before and after the program-the Hearing Handicap Questionnaire, the Quantified Denver Scale of Communicative Function, the Self-Assessment of Communication, the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale, the Short-Form 36 health-related quality of life measure; and 2) those administered postprogram only-the Client Oriented Scale of Improvement, the International Outcome Inventory-Alternative Interventions, and a qualitative questionnaire. All assessments were conducted by a researcher blinded to participants' group membership. The relationships between participant response to the ACE program and a number of client-related factors were also investigated. These factors were the participants' age, gender, hearing loss, hearing aid use, attitudes to hearing impairment (as measured using the Hearing Attitudes to Rehabilitation Questionnaire) and the involvement of significant others. Results: For those participants who completed the social program initially, significant improvements were found on the Quantified Denver Scale of Communicative Function and on the Mental Component Score of the Short-Form 36 only, when pre- and postprograin scores were compared. For those who completed the ACE program, there were significant pre-to-post improvements on the Hearing Handicap Questionnaire, the Quantified Denver Scale of Communicative Function, the Self-Assessment of Communication, and the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale. These improvements after ACE were maintained at 6 mo. Higher scores on the Hearing Attitudes to Rehabilitation Questionnaire before the ACE program were associated with greater positive change on a number of the pre-post program measures. Using the Client Oriented Scale of Improvement, 75% of participants reported some improvement on the primary goal they wished to achieve with the ACE. Positive outcomes were also recorded with the International Outcome Inventory-Alternative Interventions. Conclusions: This research study provides evidence for the effectiveness of the ACE program and indicates that such communication programs have an important place in the audiological rehabilitation of older adults. They should be considered as an alternative or a supplement to traditional interventions such as hearing aid fitting. 2008-03-11T00:00:00Z Hickson, L. og Worrall, L. og Scarinci, N. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:74136 Objectives: Cognitive-behavioral pain management programs typically achieve improvements in pain cognitions, disability, and physical performance. However, it is not known whether the neurophysiology education component of such programs contributes to these outcomes. In chronic low back pain patients, we investigated the effect of neurophysiology education on cognitions, disability, and physical performance. Methods: This study was a blinded randomized controlled trial. Individual education sessions on neurophysiology of pain (experimental group) and back anatomy and physiology (control group) were conducted by trained physical therapist educators. Cognitions were evaluated using the Survey of Pain Attitudes (revised) (SOPA(R)), and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Behavioral measures included the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), and 3 physical performance tasks; (1) straight leg raise (SLR), (2) forward bending range, and (3) an abdominal drawing-in task, which provides a measure of voluntary activation of the deep abdominal muscles. Methodological checks evaluated non-specific effects of intervention. Results: There was a significant treatment effect on the SOPA(R), PCS, SLR, and forward bending. There was a statistically significant effect on RMDQ; however, the size of this effect was small and probably not clinically meaningful. Discussion: Education about pain neurophysiology changes pain cognitions and physical performance but is insufficient by itself to obtain a change in perceived disability. The results suggest that pain neurophysiology education, but not back school type education, should be included in a wider pain management approach. 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z Moseley, GL og Nicholas, MK og Hodges, PW http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:231297 2011-03-06T00:00:00Z Shum, David og Fleming, Jennifer og Gill, Hannah og Gullo, Matthew J. og Strong, Jenny http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:189966 2009-12-14T00:00:00Z Hill, Anne-Marie og McPhail, Steven og Hoffmann, Tammy og Hill, Keith og Oliver, David og Beer, Christopher og Brauer, Sandra og Haines, Terry P. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:141655 2008-06-10T00:00:00Z Sims, K. og Brauer, S. G. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:166830 2009-03-10T00:00:00Z McPoil, T. G og Cornwall, M. W og Medoff, L. og Vicenzino, B. og Forsberg, K. og Hilz, D. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:198121 2010-03-08T00:00:00Z De Jonge, D. og Ainsworth, E. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:198690 This presentation outlines the evolution of architectural design trends, from barrier free and accessible design to adaptable and universal design, and the influence of these changes on outcomes for older people and people with disabilities who have specific housing requirements. A particular focus will include showcasing Australia wide examples of private and social housing incorporating universal design features that positively impact on older people and people with a disability living in the community. 2010-03-10T00:00:00Z Ainsworth, Elizabeth og De Jonge, Desleigh M. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:189404 2009-12-08T00:00:00Z Kisely, Steve http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:257066 2011-10-19T00:00:00Z Bisset, Leanne og Vicenzino, Bill http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:62060 2007-08-14T00:00:00Z Sterling, Michele og Jull, Gwendolen og Carlsson, Ylva og Crommert, Louise http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:166835 2009-03-10T00:00:00Z Rassafiani, M. og Copley, J. og Kuipers, K. og Sahaf, R. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:228129 2011-02-04T00:00:00Z Jull, Gwen og Moore, Ann http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:186462 2009-11-17T00:00:00Z Chipchase, L. S. og Williams, M. T. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:182570 The data from a postal survey of 409 general practitioners (GPs) practicing in New South Wales are analysed to explore GPs’ concerns, if any, about available printed information materials on sexually transmissible infections (STI) for patients. Just over half (55%) of GPs considered the materials for patients to be inadequate and/or inappropriate with 18% considering the materials as too technical for many patients and 13% considering the materials mostly out of date. Over a fifth reported that either STI materials were not available in their clinic or they did not know where to get those materials. 2009-09-03T00:00:00Z Khan, Asaduzzaman og Plummer, David http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:78737 Background: Voluntary limb movements are associated with involuntary and automatic postural adjustments of the trunk muscles. These postural adjustments occur prior to movement and prevent unwanted perturbation of the trunk. In low back pain, postural adjustments of the trunk muscles are altered such that the deep trunk muscles are consistently delayed and the superficial trunk muscles are sometimes augmented. This alteration of postural adjustments may reflect disruption of normal postural control imparted by reduced central nervous system resources available during pain, so-called pain interference, or reflect adoption of an alternate postural adjustment strategy. Methods: We aimed to clarify this by recording electromyographic activity of the upper (obliquus extemus) and lower (transversus abdominis/obliquus internus) abdominal muscles during voluntary arm movements that were coupled with painful cutaneous stimulation at the low back. If the effect of pain on postural adjustments is caused by pain interference, it should be greatest at the onset of the stimulus, should habituate with repeated exposure, and be absent immediately when the threat of pain is removed. Sixteen patients performed 30 forward movements of the right arm in response to a visual cue (control). Seventy trials were then conducted in which arm movement was coupled with pain (pain trials) and then a further 70 trials were conducted without the pain stimulus (no pain trials). Results: There was a gradual and increasing delay of transversus abdominis/obliquus internus electromyograph and augmentation of obliquus externus during the pain trials, both of which gradually returned to control values during the no pain trials. Conclusion: The results suggest that altered postural adjustments of the trunk muscles during pain are not caused by pain interference but are likely to reflect development and adoption of an alternate postural adjustment strategy, which may serve to limit the amplitude and velocity of trunk excursion caused by arm movement. 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z Moseley, GL og Hodges, PW http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:186898 We tested the usability, sensitivity and validity of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) in routine clinical practice in North America. Three pilot sites provided ratings on all inpatient and outpatient referrals over 4 months using versions covering children and adolescents (HoNOSCA), working-age adults and the over-65s. Data were entered using the routine administrative data system. Sixty-one percent of eligible patients had at least one HoNOS rating (n = 485). Following the initial rating, subsequent completion rates reached 80%. Ratings were sensitive to time and setting, with significantly higher scores in inpatients than outpatients. Individual diagnoses had different patterns of scores, further supporting validity. 2009-11-18T00:00:00Z Kisely, Stephen og Campbell, Leslie Anne og Crossman, Doug og Gleich, Stephen og Campbell, John http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:186100 2009-11-13T00:00:00Z Schabrun, Siobhan og Chipchase, Lucy og Rickard, Heather http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:81707 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z Wilson, Christine og Macdonald, Julie og Watter, Pauline og O'Rourke, Peter http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:186124 Rehabilitation programs are considered essential following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction to maximise the potential outcome of the surgery. Provision of a rehabilitation program, however well intentioned, does not guarantee that patients will adhere to the program. Failure of patients to comply with clinical rehabilitation may limit the effectiveness of the rehabilitation program. Furthermore, failure of subjects to comply with experimental rehabilitation programs may bias results obtained by research studies, limiting the strength of empirical evidence generated. The aim of this paper is to present clinicians and researchers with an overview, particularly with respect to reliability and validity, of a number of adherence measurement instruments that may potentially be administered to patients or subjects following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. 2009-11-13T00:00:00Z Shaw, Triston og Williams, Marie T. og Chipchase, Lucy S. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:79103 Unawareness related to brain injury has implications for participation in rehabilitation, functional outcomes, and the emotional well-being of clients. Addressing disorders of awareness is an integral component of many rehabilitation programmes, and a review of the literature identified a range of awareness interventions that include holistic milieu-oriented neuropsychological programmes, psychotherapy, compensatory and facilitatory approaches, structured experiences, direct feedback, videotaped feedback, confrontational techniques, cognitive therapy, group therapy, game formats and behavioural intervention. These approaches are examined in terms of their theoretical bases and research evidence. A distinction is made between intervention approaches for unawareness due to neurocognitive factors and approaches for unawareness due to psychological factors. The socio-cultural context of unawareness is a third factor presented in a biopsychosocial framework to guide clinical decisions about awareness interventions. The ethical and methodological concerns associated with research on awareness interventions are discussed. The main considerations relate to the embedded nature of awareness interventions within rehabilitation programmes, the need for individually tailored interventions, differing responses according to the nature of unawareness, and the risk of eliciting emotional distress in some clients. 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z Fleming, JM og Ownsworth, T http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:137987 Plantar heel pain is a symptom commonly encountered by clinicians. Several conditions such as plantar fasciitis, calcaneal fracture, rupture of the plantar fascia and atrophy of the heel fat pad may lead to plantar heel pain. Injury to the tibial nerve and its branches in the tarsal tunnel and in the foot is also a common cause. Entrapment of these nerves may play a role in both the early phases of plantar heel pain and recalcitrant cases. Although the contribution of nerve entrapment to plantar heel pain has been well documented in the literature, its pathophysiology, diagnosis and management are still controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to critically review the available literature on plantar heel pain of neural origin. Possible sites of nerve entrapment, effectiveness of diagnostic clinical tests and electrodiagnostic tests, differential diagnoses for plantar heel pain, and conservative and surgical treatment will be discussed. 2008-05-08T00:00:00Z Alshami, Ali M. og Souvlis, Tina og Coppieters, Michel W. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:202765 The use of standardized patients has been reported as a viable addition to traditional models of professional practice education in medicine, nursing and allied health programs. Educational programs rely on the inclusion of work-integrated learning components in order to graduate competent practitioners. Allied health programs world-wide have reported increasing difficulty in attaining sufficient traditional placements for students within the workplace. In response to this, allied health professionals are challenged to be innovative and problem-solving in the development and maintenance of clinical education placements and to consider potential alternative learning opportunities for students. Whilst there is a bank of literature describing the use of standardized patients in medicine and nursing, reports of its use in speech-language pathology clinical education are limited. Therefore, this paper aims to (1) provide a review of literature reporting on the use of standardized patients within medical and allied health professions with particular reference to use in speech-language pathology, (2) discuss methodological and practical issues involved in establishing and maintaining a standardized patient program and (3) identify future directions for research and clinical programs using standardized patients to build foundation clinical skills such as communication, interpersonal interaction and interviewing. © 2010 The Speech Pathology Association of Australia Limited. 2010-04-13T00:00:00Z Hill, Anne E. og Davidson, Bronwyn J. og Theodoros, Deborah G. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:131990 It is now well established that pain is a multidimensional phenomenon, affected by a gamut of psychosocial and biological variables. According to diathesis–stress models of chronic pain, some individuals are more vulnerable to developing disability following acute pain because they possess particular psychosocial vulnerabilities which interact with physical pathology to impact negatively upon outcome. Attachment theory, a theory of social and personality development, has been proposed as a comprehensive developmental model of pain, implicating individual adult attachment pattern in the ontogenesis and maintenance of chronic pain. The present paper reviews and critically appraises studies which link adult attachment theory with chronic pain. Together, these papers offer support for the role of insecure attachment as a diathesis (or vulnerability) for problematic adjustment to pain. The Attachment-Diathesis Model of Chronic Pain developed from this body of literature, combines adult attachment theory with the diathesis–stress approach to chronic pain. The evidence presented in this review, and the associated model, advances our understanding of the developmental origins of chronic pain conditions, with potential application in guiding early pain intervention and prevention efforts, as well as tailoring interventions to suit specific patient needs. 2008-03-11T00:00:00Z Meredith, P. og Ownsworth, T. og Strong, J. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:118702 The soleus is the most commonly used muscle for H-reflex studies in humans, while limited comparable data have been produced from the gastrocnemii muscles. This article reviews the fundamental differences between the structure and function of the human soleus and gastrocnemii muscles, including recent data published about their complex innervation zones. Protocols for eliciting, recording, and assessing the H-reflex and M-wave magnitude in the human triceps surae are also discussed. 2007-10-17T00:00:00Z Tucker, Kylie J. og Tuncer, Meltem og Turker, Kemal S. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:61788 2007-08-14T00:00:00Z Sturgess, J. L. og Ozanne, A. E. og Rodger, S. A. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:127896 Purpose of the review Chronic cough and paradoxical vocal fold movement (PVFM) are perplexing conditions. This paper reviews the recent literature in relation to the nature of PVFM and chronic cough and the management of symptoms associated with these disorders. Recent findings There are similarities in the voice and upper airway symptoms in chronic cough and PVFM. Clinically significant voice symptoms are present in approximately 40% of individuals with chronic cough and PVFM and are similar to those occurring in voice disorders such as muscle tension dysphonia. Chronic cough can be associated with PVFM in a large proportion of cases. Extrathoracic airway hyperresponsiveness is a common underlying mechanism in PVFM and chronic cough. Speech pathology intervention can be effective in controlling symptoms in chronic cough, which suggests that the anatomic diagnostic protocol could be expanded to incorporate this intervention. Chronic cough that fails to respond to medical management should be conceptualized as either due to PVFM or idiopathic. PVFM and chronic cough are not necessarily the result of underlying psychopathology. Summary Chronic cough and PVFM manifest in a range of clinically significant voice and upper airway symptoms. The anatomic diagnostic protocol used in the management of chronic cough could be expanded to include PVFM as a potential cause of cough; and speech pathology intervention as treatment for chronic cough. 2008-02-18T00:00:00Z Vertigan, Anne E. og Gibson, Peter G. og Theodoros, Deborah G. og Winkworth, Alison L. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:187314 2009-11-22T00:00:00Z Gustafsson, Louise og Yates, Kathryn http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:79378 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z Ruddell, Richard G. og Oakley, Fiona og Hussain, Ziafat og Yeung, Irene og Bryan-Lluka, Lesley J. og Ramm, Grant A. og Mann, Derek A. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:62612 Background: Thalamotomy has been reported to be successful in ameliorating the motor symptoms of tremor and/or rigidity in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), emphasising the bona fide contribution of this subcortical nucleus to the neural circuitry subserving motor function. Despite evidence of parallel yet segregated associative and motor cortico-subcortical-cortical circuits, comparatively few studies have investigated the effects of this procedure on cognitive functions. In particular, research pertaining to the impact of thalamotomy on linguistic processes is fundamentally lacking. Aims: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of thalamotomy in the language dominant and non-dominant hemispheres on linguistic functioning, relative to operative theoretical models of subcortical participation in language. This paper compares the linguistic profiles of two males with PD, aged 75 years (10 years of formal education) and 62 years (22 years of formal education), subsequent to unilateral thalamotomy procedures within the language dominant and non-dominant hemispheres, respectively. Methods & Procedures: Comprehensive linguistic profiles comprising general and high-level linguistic abilities in addition to on-line semantic processing skills were compiled up to 1 month prior to surgery and 3 months post-operatively, within perceived on'' periods (i.e., when optimally medicated). Pre- and post-operative language performances were compared within-subjects to a group of 16 non-surgical Parkinson's controls (NSPD) and a group of 16 non-neurologically impaired adults (NC). Outcomes & Results: The findings of this research suggest a laterality effect with regard to the contribution of the thalamus to high-level linguistic abilities and, potentially, the temporal processing of semantic information. This outcome supports the application of high-level linguistic assessments and measures of semantic processing proficiency to the clinical management of individuals with dominant thalamic lesions. Conclusions: The results reported lend support to contemporary theories of dominant thalamic participation in language, serving to further elucidate our current understanding of the role of subcortical structures in mediating linguistic processes, relevant to cortical hemispheric dominance. 2007-08-14T00:00:00Z Whelan, B. M. og Murdoch, B. E. og Theodoros, D. G.