http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/ The University of Queensland en Fez http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:8608 This research assessed the efficacy of foraminiferal analysis to distinguish natural from cultural marine shell deposits using the Mort Creek Site Complex, central Queensland, as a case study. Foraminifera are single cell protozoa that are ubiquitous in all marine environments. Although foraminiferal analysis is widely employed in the natural sciences (Murray 1991; Sen Gupta 1999), particularly in palaeoenvironmental studies (Cann et al. 2000), there have only been limited attempts to use this form of analysis in archaeological applications. Marine shell deposits are the dominant coastal archaeological site type in Australia requiring the development of robust methods to differentiate site formation processes for the advancement of research in coastal archaeology. One solution lies in the determination of the density and taxa of foraminifera found in cultural and non-cultural layers of archaeological sites. Although foraminifera are not exclusive to marine deposited sediments, natural deposits created or redeposited by ocean currents or storm surges would be expected to exhibit an abundance of forminifera whereas sites formed by cultural processes will contain very few if any foraminifera. 2006-02-17T00:00:00Z Rosendahl, Daniel og Ulm, Sean http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:12374 This site report presents a description of archaeological investigations undertaken at Big Foot Art Site, a large rockshelter and art site located at Cania Gorge, eastern Central Queensland. Field and laboratory methods are outlined and results presented. Excavation revealed evidence for occupation spanning from before 7,700 cal BP up to at least 300 cal BP, with a significant peak in stone artefact discard between c.4,200-3,200 cal BP. Results are compared to analyses undertaken in the adjacent Central Queensland Highlands. 2007-02-07T18:03:54Z Westcott, Catherine og Lilley, Ian og Ulm, Sean og Clarkson, Chris og Brian, Deborah http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:8300 A number of edge-ground hatchets were identified from various locations in central Queensland during recent investigations conducted as part of the Gooreng Gooreng Cultural Heritage Project. Macroscopic examination suggested that some hatchets were manufactured on a distinctive form of rhyolitic tuff which is restricted in occurrence to the Town of Seventeen Seventy - Agnes Water area on the southern Curtis Coast. The hatchets are distributed over an area of some 6000 km2, centred on the town of Lowmead within the ethnohistorically documented linguistic borders of Gooreng Gooreng country. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was employed in an attempt to provenance the hatchets to particular outcrops of rhyolitic tuff on the basis of trace element geochemistry. Preliminary results confirm that all hatchets identified as rhyolitic tuff exhibit a similar geochemical signature. Moreover, this geochemistry can be correlated with the background samples from the Ironbark Site Complex, the only major rhyolite quarry known in the region. The study enhances our understanding of past Aboriginal lifeways in the region by situating strategies of stone procurement and use in the landscape. 2006-06-01T00:00:00Z Ulm, Sean og Cotter, Stephen og Cotter, Maria og Lilley, Ian og Clarkson, Chris og Reid, Jill http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:10338 This site report presents an account of archaeological excavations undertaken at Eurimbula Site 1, a large open midden site complex located in Eurimbula National Park on the southern Curtis Coast, Central Queensland. Excavations yielded a cultural assemblage dominated by mud ark (Anadara trapezia) and commercial oyster (Saccostrea commercialis) and incorporating small quantities of stone artefacts, fish bone and charcoal. Densities of cultural material were found to decrease markedly with distance from the creek. Analyses of excavated material demonstrate extensive low intensity use of the site from at least c.3,200 cal BP to the historical period. 2004-07-27T00:00:00Z Ulm, Sean og Carter, Melissa og Reid, Jill og Lilley, Ian http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:12806 Experimental mechanical sieving methods were applied to samples of shellfish remains from three sites in southeast Queensland (Seven Mile Creek Mound, Sandstone Point and One-Tree) to test the efficacy of various recovery and quantification procedures commonly applied in Australia. Although there has been considerable debate regarding the most appropriate sieve sizes and quantification methods that should be applied in the recovery of vertebrate faunal remains, few studies have addressed the impact of recovery and quantification techniques on the interpretation of invertebrate remains. In this study, five shellfish taxa representing four bivalves (A. trapezia, T. hirsutus, S. glomerata, D. deltoides) and one gastropod (P. ebeninus) common in eastern Australian midden assemblages were sieved through 10mm, 6.3mm and 3.15mm mesh and then quantified by weight, MNI and NISP. Results indicate that different structural properties of shells and pre- and post-depositional factors affect recovery rates. Findings demonstrate that for all quantification methods tested the 3.15mm mesh produced the most consistent and comparable data. 2007-02-24T14:15:13Z Jenkins, Robyn og Ulm, Sean http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:12822 Description: General view of area of Squares C-F. Date: 14 November 1998. Location: Pancake Creek Site Complex. Square: C/D/E/F. XU: NA. Direction: E. Orientation: Landscape. Comments: NA. Type: Slide. Speed: 200. Photo ID: SCCRAP333. Roll/Negative: 24/01. 2007-02-27T12:19:46Z Ulm, Sean http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:12721 Description: General view of area of Squares C-F. Date: 14 November 1998. Location: Pancake Creek Site Complex. Square: C/D/E/F. XU: NA. Direction: S. Orientation: Landscape. Comments: NA. Type: Slide. Speed: 200. Photo ID: SCCRAP334. Roll/Negative: 24/00. 2007-02-16T13:26:43Z Ulm, Sean http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:12827 Description: General view of Squares G&H at end of excavation. Date: 14 November 1998. Location: Pancake Creek Site Complex. Square: G/H XU: NA. Direction: NE Orientation: Landscape. Comments: NA. Type: Slide. Speed: 200. Photo ID: SCCRAP328. Roll/Negative: 24/06. 2007-02-27T13:05:01Z Ulm, Sean http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:12375 This paper reports the results of excavations conducted at the Mort Creek Site Complex, located in the Rodds Peninsula Section of Eurimbula National Park on the southern Curtis Coast, Central Queensland. Cultural and natural marine shell deposits were excavated and analysed as part of an investigation of natural and cultural site formation processes in the area. Analyses (including foraminifera studies) demonstrate a complex site formation history, with interfingering of cultural and natural shell deposits (cheniers) in some areas of the site. Radiocarbon dating indicates that Aboriginal occupation of the site was initiated before 2,000 cal BP, overlapping with dates obtained for natural chenier deposits. 2007-02-07T18:11:59Z Carter, Melissa og Lilley, Ian og Ulm, Sean og Brian, Deborah http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:12824 Description: Northeast section, showing range pole. Date: 14 November 1998. Location: Pancake Creek Site Complex. Square: E/F XU: NA. Direction: N/E. Orientation: Landscape. Comments: NA. Type: Slide. Speed: 200. Photo ID: SCCRAP331. Roll/Negative: 24/03. 2007-02-27T12:44:55Z Ulm, Sean http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:12823 Description: Northwest section, showing range pole. Date: 14 November 1998. Location: Pancake Creek Site Complex. Square: D/E XU: NA. Direction: NW Orientation: Landscape. Comments: NA. Type: Slide. Speed: 200. Photo ID: SCCRAP332. Roll/Negative: 24/02. 2007-02-27T12:39:24Z Ulm, Sean http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:12376 During test excavation of the Ironbark Site Complex under the auspices of the Southern Curtis Coast Regional Archaeological Project (a sub-project of the Gooreng Gooreng Cultural Heritage Project), seven bottle glass fragments were recovered from surface deposits associated with extensive shell midden and quarried stone deposits. In the absence of obvious signs of intentional modification of the glass, the assemblage was subject to systematic inspection for use-wear and residues. 2007-02-07T18:32:01Z Ulm, Sean og Eales, Tony og L'Estrange, Sarah http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:152021 We draw attention to important omissions in the chronology of Australian coastal occupation presented by Nicholson and Cane (1994) in their recent review of the subject. In the Queensland section of their review, Nicholson and Cane (1994:110-11) state that coastal settlement is confined to the last 2000 years in the Moreton Bay area, and to the last 1500 years for the remainder of the Queensland coast, with the exception of Princess Charlotte Bay, where occupation is dated to 4700 BP. For the Moreton Bay area, Nicholson and Cane (1994:111) make the erroneous claim that ‘no sites older than 2000 BP have been recorded.’ In fact, there are five reported coastal sites in this region (Hope Island, New Brisbane Airport, Sandstone Point, Toulkerrie and Wallen Wallen Creek) and two more immediately to the north (King’s Bore Sandblow, Teewah Beach 26) which predate 2000 BP (Fig. l, Table 1). These results have been published for some time and have been discussed extensively in the general literature (e.g. Lourandos 1993; McNiven 1992a, 1992b; Walters 1989, 1992a. 1992b). 2008-07-28T11:38:31Z Ulm, Sean og Barker, Bryce og Border, Andrew og Hall, Jay og Lilley, Ian og McNiven, Ian og Neal, Robert og Rowland, Mike http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:12373 This site report presents a description of archaeological investigations undertaken at Roof Fall Cave, an occupied rockshelter and art site located at Cania Gorge, eastern Central Queensland. Field and laboratory methods are outlined and preliminary results are presented. Excavation yielded quantities of stone artefacts, stone and charcoal, along with some freshwater mussel shell and ochre with an occupational sequence spanning from up to 18,576 cal BP to the historical period. Roof Fall Cave is currently the oldest dated site in Cania Gorge and possibly in the Central Queensland region. 2007-02-07T17:56:52Z Eales, Tony og Westcott, Catherine og Lilley, Ian og Ulm, Sean og Brian, Deborah og Clarkson, Chris http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:12825 Description: Southeast section, showing range pole. Date: 14 November 1998. Location: Pancake Creek Site Complex. Square: F/C XU: NA. Direction: SE. Orientation: Landscape. Comments: NA. Type: Slide. Speed: 200. Photo ID: SCCRAP330. Roll/Negative: 24/04. 2007-02-27T12:54:16Z Ulm, Sean http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:12826 Description: Southwest section, showing range pole. Date: 14 November 1998. Location: Pancake Creek Site Complex. Square: C/D XU: NA. Direction: SW Orientation: Landscape. Comments: NA. Type: Slide. Speed: 200. Photo ID: SCCRAP329. Roll/Negative: 24/05. 2007-02-27T12:59:50Z Ulm, Sean http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:7819 The antiquity of marine fishing in southeast Queensland has been debated since the mid-1980s. Walters has argued that systematic marine fishing was only adopted in the last 2000 years as a response to the marginality of terrestrial landscapes fringing the coast, while Hall, McNiven, Ross, and Ulm, among others, have maintained that fishing was always an integral component of coastal settlement, but that a variety of taphonomic processes and recovery problems under-represent fish remains dating to before the late Holocene. Zooarchaeological data from shell midden deposits on the southern Curtis Coast at the northern end of the southeast Queensland bioregion shed new light on this debate, with fish remains recovered from three deposits dating prior to 2000 BP and up to 4000 BP. Implications for understanding the antiquity of marine fishing in the wider region are considered and directions for future research identified. 2006-10-17T00:00:00Z Ulm, Sean og Vale, Deborah http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:12372 This paper presents a general overview of archaeological investigations in the Cania Gorge region, located on the western margin of the Gooreng Gooreng Cultural Heritage Project study area. It includes a physical description of the region and a brief outline of the cultural setting, before presenting a summary of archaeological investigations undertaken in the area. 2007-02-07T17:46:53Z Westcott, Catherine og Lilley, Ian og Ulm, Sean http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:10343 Since 1993 archaeological surveys and excavations have been undertaken on the southern Curtis Coast as the coastal component of the Gooreng Gooreng Cultural Heritage Project. This paper briefly outlines the physical environment of the study region including geology, vegetation and fauna communities before presenting the preliminary results of archaeological surveys and excavations. These initial results suggest that the region has an extensive mid-to-late Holocene archaeological record that has the potential to contribute to understandings of changes in late Holocene Aboriginal societies in Central Queensland. 2004-07-27T00:00:00Z Ulm, Sean og Lilley, Ian http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:12322 Current genetic methods enable highly specific identification of DNA from modern fish bone. The applicability of these methods to the identification of archaeological fish bone was investigated through a study of a sample from late Holocene southeast Queensland sites. The resultant overall success rate of 2% indicates that DNA analysis is, as yet, not feasible for identifying fish bone from any given site. Taphonomic issues influencing the potential of genetic identification methods are raised and discussed in light of this result. 2007-02-07T05:58:53Z Hlinka, Vojtech og Ulm, Sean og Loy, Tom og Hall, Jay http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:152022 We report radiocarbon determinations from 1995 test excavations in two shell midden complexes on the central Queensland coast. The work was conducted as part of the Aboriginal cultural heritage study being undertaken in collaboration with the Gurang Land Council that we have described elsewhere (Lilley and Ulm 1995). The dates are the first to be reported from the 350 km stretch of coast between the Keppel Islands in the north (Rowland 1981, 1982, 1983, 1985, 1992) and Booral in the south (Frankland 1990). 2008-07-28T12:06:39Z Lilley, Ian og Ulm, Sean og Brian, Deborah http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:12371 This paper summarizes the background to, and preliminary results of, archaeological investigations conducted between 1993 and 1997 under the auspices of the Gooreng Gooreng Cultural Heritage Project. The implications of these results are briefly considered before research in progress and future research directions are outlined. 2007-02-07T17:30:03Z Lilley, Ian og Ulm, Sean http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:152023 Three test pits were excavated at Rodds Peninsula on the central Queensland coast in an area which exhibits both cultural and natural shell deposits. In addition to the conventional criteria for distinguishing cultural shell midden from non-cultural shell deposit (especially cheniers), we analysed sediment samples from each pit to determine whether they contained the remains of foraminifera. Foraminifera are microscopic marine organisms whose calcium carbonate exoskeletons ought to occur in any deposit laid down or reworked by seawater. As an experimental element of our analysis of the deposits, this technique was successful in distinguishing samples from a chenier and from a midden each of which met the general criteria for non-cultural and cultural origin respectively, The method was then applied to a sample from a more ambiguous depositional context. This paper details our preliminary study in foraminiferal analysis, setting it in the context of previous work by Gill (1954), Gill et al. (1991) and by McNiven (1996). 2008-07-28T12:29:20Z Lilley, Ian og Brian, Deborah og Ulm, Sean http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:10327 Conjoin analyses of stone artefacts have been employed to assess the stratigraphic integrity of rockshelter deposits in Australia. Paradoxically, no comparable studies are available for open coastal midden sites despite frequent reference to this site type as stratigraphically problematic. In this paper we present preliminary results of a conjoin (or valve-pairing) analysis of the bivalve Anadara trapezia (mud ark or Sydney cockle) excavated from the Seven Mile Creek Mound in central Queensland. Attributes for identifying probable conjoins were established through a study of 158 articulated A. trapezia specimens recovered from the Seven Mile Creek Mound. We demonstrate that although articulated A. trapezia exhibit considerable valve dimorphism, umbo length and weight reliably reduced the field of probable conjoins which can then be manually refitted for confirmation. A total of 56 conjoining valve-pairs were identified out of a total of 608 whole A. trapezia valves. 2004-08-09T00:00:00Z Ulm, Sean og Reid, Jill og Woolford, Nathan