Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation - UQ eSpace

Evolutionary conserved microRNAs are ubiquitously expressed compared to tick-specific miRNAs in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.

2011-10-21T00:00:00Z

Evolutionary conserved microRNAs are ubiquitously expressed compared to tick-specific miRNAs in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.

2011-10-19T00:00:00Z

Evolutionary conserved microRNAs are ubiquitously expressed compared to tick-specific miRNAs in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

2011-08-10T00:00:00Z

Evolutionary history and taxonomy

Geering, Andrew D. W. — 2012-07-27T19:00:56Z

Evolutionary relationships and biogeography of Biomphalaria (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) with implications regarding its role as host of the human bloodfluke, Schistosoma mansoni

2011-08-10T11:29:46Z

The wide geographic distribution of Schistosoma mansoni, a digenetic trematode and parasite of humans, is determined by the occurrence of its intermediate hosts, freshwater snails of the genus Biomphalaria (Preston 1910). We present phylogenetic analyses of 23 species of Biomphalaria, 16 Neotropical and seven African, including the most important schistosome hosts, using partial mitochondrial ribosomal 16S and complete nuclear ribosomal ITS1 and ITS2 nucleotide sequences. A dramatically better resolution was obtained by combining the data sets as opposed to analyzing each separately, indicating that there is additive congruent signal in each data set. Neotropical species are basal, and all African species are derived, suggesting an American origin for the genus. We confirm that a proto-Biomphalaria glabrata gave rise to all African species through a trans-Atlantic colonization of Africa. In addition, genetic distances among African species are smaller compared with those among Neotropical species, indicating a more recent origin. There are two species-rich clades, one African with B. glabrata as its base, and the other Neotropical. Within the African clade, a wideranging tropical savannah species, B. pfeifferi, and a Nilotic species complex, have both colonized Rift Valley lakes and produced endemic lacustrine forms. Within the Neotropical clade, two newly acquired natural hosts for S. mansoni (B. straminea and B. tenagophila) are not the closest relatives of each other, suggesting two separate acquisition events. Basal to these two species-rich clades are several Neotropical lineages with large genetic distances between them, indicating multiple lineages within the genus. Interesting patterns occur regarding schistosome susceptibility: (1) the most susceptible hosts belong to a single clade, comprising B. glabrata and the African species, (2) several susceptible Neotropical species are sister groups to apparently refractory species, and (3) some basal lineages are susceptible. These patterns suggest the existence of both inherent susceptibility and resistance, but also underscore the ability of S. mansoni to adapt to and acquire previously unsusceptible species as hosts. Biomphalaria schrammi appears to be distantly related to other Biomphalaria as well as to Helisoma, and may represent a separate or intermediate lineage.

Exploiting Cereal Genetic Resources

Henry, R. J. — 2011-10-21T12:29:21Z

Exploring and exploiting genetic variation from unadapted sorghum germplasm in a breeding program

2011-09-11T07:04:36Z

Exploring non-traditional products for management of postharvest anthracnose and stem end rot in avocado

2012-02-03T00:00:00Z

Exploring the potential of visible-near infrared spectroscopy to predict sensory properties of food

2012-02-06T00:00:00Z

Factors influencing β-glucan synthesis by particulate enzymes from suspension-cultured Lolium multiflorum endosperm cells

Henry, Robert J. og Stone, Bruce A. — 2011-02-09T12:08:53Z

Faecal near infrared reflectance spectroscopy estimates of diet quality and responses to nitrogen supplements by cattle grazing Bothriochloa pertusa pastures

Coates, D. B. og Dixon, R. M. — 2011-03-07T14:52:50Z

Faecal near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (F.NIRS) measurements of non-grass proportions in the diet of cattle grazing tropical rangelands

Coates, D. B. og Dixon, R. M. — 2011-03-07T14:52:34Z

Fagopyritols: occurrence, biosynthesis, analyses and possible role

2013-01-04T10:51:01Z

Fasting insulin status and osteochondritis dissecans in Thoroughbred yearlings

2012-03-23T00:00:00Z

Feasibility study on the use of visible and near-infrared Spectroscopy together with chemometrics to discriminate between commercial white wines of different varietal origins

2011-03-07T15:25:20Z

The use of visible (vis) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) was explored as a tool to discriminate between samples of Australian commercial white wines of different varietal origins (Chardonnay and Riesling). Discriminant models were developed using principal component analysis (PCA), principal component regression (PCR), and discriminant partial least-squares (DPLS) regression. The samples were randomly split into two sets, one used as a calibration set (n = 136) and the remaining samples as a validation set (n = 133). When used to predict the variety of the validation set samples, the DPLS models correctly classified 100% of Riesling and up to 96% of Chardonnay wines. These results showed that vis−NIR might be a suitable and alternative technology that can be easily implemented by the wine industry to discriminate Riesling and Chardonnay commercial wine varieties. However, the relatively limited number of samples and varieties involved in the present work suggests caution in extending the potential of such a technique to other wine varieties.

Feed efficiency differences and reranking in beef steers fed grower and finisher diets

2012-02-03T15:52:27Z

Feed preference in pigs: Effect of cereal sources at different inclusion rates

2011-03-07T16:23:26Z

The palat ability of different cereals was studied in 2 two-way choice (preference) experiments using pigs of 56 d of age and 17 kg of BW. In Exp. 1, the effect of 24 cereals vs. a common reference diet containing white rice on feed preference in pigs was studied. Pigs were offered free choice between the reference diet and a diet with the cereal under study for 4 d. Barley, corn (2 sources), wheat, cassava meal, biscuit meal, rye, sorghum, and 1 source of oats were tested at inclusion rates of 300 and 600 g-kg-1. Shortgrain rice (whole, brown, or extruded white), long-grain white rice (raw and cooked), extruded barley, extruded corn, extruded wheat, oats (2 sources), thick rolled oats, cooked oats, and naked oats (raw, extruded, or micronized) were tested at inclusion rates of 150, 300, and 600 g-kg-1. Relative preference of cereals (% of total feed intake) was affected by type of cereal and by rate of inclusion. The diets containing extruded rice (150 g·kg-1), extruded naked oats (150, 300, and 600 g·kg-1), or naked oats (150 and 300 g·kg-1) were preferred (P < 0.05) by pigs to the reference diet. However, the reference diet was preferred (P < 0.05) to the diets containing 150, 300, and 600 g·kg-1 of cooked long-grain rice, oats, or cooked oats, 300 and 600 g·kg-1 of extruded wheat, wheat, corn, sorghum, or unhulled short-grain rice, and 600 g·kg-1 of thick rolled oats, extruded corn, rye, extruded barley, micronized naked oats, barley, cassava, or biscuit meal. Extrusion improved (P < 0.05) preference values for corn and naked oats by pigs, but had no effect on barley, rice, or wheat. In Exp. 2, the preferences of pigs for oats and barley were studied using mash and pelleted diets. Diet form did not affect preference in oats diets. However, for barley, greater preference values were obtained when measured in pelleted form compared with mash form. Additionally, direct 2-way choices were also performed between oats and barley diets and between diets presented in mash and pelleted forms. Pigs preferred barley to oats, and preferred diets presented in pelleted form to those presented in mash form. In conclusion, cereal type, inclusion rate, and diet form affected feed preference in pigs. Using cereals with greater preference values may contribute to the formulation of more palatable feeds, which enhance feed intake of piglets at critical stages such as weaning time.

Feed preference in pigs: Relationship with feed particle size and texture

2011-03-07T16:23:34Z

In previous studies, we observed important differences in the feed preferences of pigs resulting from changes in only 1 dietary ingredient. The present experiment was conducted to study the relationship between the feed preference values of feeds reported previously and their particle size and texture characteristics. The effect of individual feed ingredients was studied when added to a common basal diet. In addition to the basal diet, which included rice, a soybean meal product containing 56% CP, sunflower oil, and wheat bran, a total of 126 diets were studied. Of these, 63 were prepared by replacing the rice in the basal diet with another cereal, 29 by replacing the soybean product with different protein sources, 19 by replacing the sunflower oil with different lipid sources, and 6 by replacing the wheat bran with different fiber sources. Cereals were studied at inclusion rates of 150, 300, and 600 g·kg -1; protein sources were studied at 50, 100, and 200 g·kg -1; lipids were studied at 15, 30, and 100 g·kg-1; and fiber sources were studied at 65 and 130 g·kg-1. The particle size profile of all the diets was determined by using a 9-screen sieve shaker. The geometric mean particle size, particle size uniformity, number of particles per gram, surface area (cm2·g-1), and percentage of fine (passing through a 250-μm sieve) and coarse particles (remaining in a 2,000-|μm sieve) were calculated. The texture properties (hardness, fragility, chewing work, and adhesiveness) of the feeds were also determined by using a texture analyzer. The Pearson correlation coefficients of these variables with feed preference were as follows: geometric mean particle size (r = 0.07; P = 0.45), particle size uniformity (r = 0.16; P = 0.07), number of particles per gram (r = -0.05; P = 0.61), surface area (r = -0.07; P= 0.46), percentage of coarse particles (r = 0.04; P = 0.65), percentage of fine particles (r = -0.12; P = 0.19), hardness (r = -0.21; P = 0.02), fragility (r = -0.20; P = 0.03), chewing work (r = -0.33; P < 0.001), and adhesiveness (r = 0.02; P = 0.78). It was concluded that the texture properties of the feed could explain in part the feed preferences observed in pigs, whereas particle size characteristics had less impact.

Fiber diameter variability in south australian merinos - phenotypic and genetic-relationships with wool quality parameters and fleece rot resistance

James, P.J. og Ponzoni, R.W. — 2011-03-07T00:00:00Z

Field assessment of avocado rootstock selections for resistance to Phytophthora root rot

2012-02-03T00:00:00Z

Field scale limited irrigation scenarios for water policy strategies

2011-08-10T00:00:00Z

Finding genes for economically important traits: Brahman cattle puberty

2012-04-09T12:09:15Z

First record of natural infection of chickpea by Turnip mosaic virus

2011-10-05T00:00:00Z

First records of Banana streak virus on the island of New Guinea

2011-03-07T15:07:23Z

Banana streak virus is identified for the first time in Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya, Indonesia.

First records of the papaya strain of Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV-P) in French Polynesia and the Cook Islands

2011-02-22T08:45:13Z

First report of a natural hybrid between Schistosoma mansoni and S. rodhaini

2011-08-10T11:28:56Z

First report of Panicum mosaic virus in buffalo grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) from Australia

Thomas, John E. og Steele, Visnja — 2012-02-03T00:00:00Z

First report of Strawberry necrotic shock virus infecting strawberry (Fragaria vesca) from Australia

2012-02-03T00:00:00Z

Flavedo and albedo changes in 'Eureka' lemons caused by static compression and impact loading

2011-03-07T00:00:00Z

Flavor development in rice

2011-10-21T10:36:38Z

Flaxleaf fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) populations have developed glyphosate resistance in north-east Australian cropping fields

2011-08-11T15:49:06Z

Fleece and skin wax barriers to wetting and fleece rot

James, P. J. og Warren, G. H. — 2012-02-12T10:31:26Z

Fleece rot in South Australian Merinos, heritability and correlations with fleece characters

2012-02-12T09:35:27Z

Fleece structure and fleece rot susceptibility in South Australian Merinos

2012-02-12T09:27:00Z

Flystrike control - Using fly biology

James, Peter — 2012-02-06T00:00:00Z

Most effective and efficient control of flystrike requires an integrated approach that targets both sheep susceptibility and fiy populations. Elements of a good integrated flystrike control program may include all or a subset of the following: breeding for resistance; mulesing by an accredited muleser or use of an alternative breech treatment technology; docking tails to the correct length; strategic timing of crutching and shearing; prevention of scouring; fiy monitoring and strategic use of fiytraps; paddock management to minimise strike risk; strategic use of chemicals. Other papers in these proceedings discuss reducing sheep susceptibility, specifically breech modification technologies and breeding for reduced susceptibility. In this paper I will focus on the biology of flystrike and ways in which it is possible to use knowledge of fly biology to reduce the likelihood and impact of strike waves.

Follicle stimulating hormone secretion and dominant follicle growth during treatment of Bos indicus heifers with intra-vaginal progesterone releasing devices, oestradiol benzoate, equine chorionic gonadotrophin and prostaglandin F2α

2013-02-15T13:29:49Z

Food-borne pathogens – a key issue for all food animal industries

Blackall, P. J. — 2011-10-06T12:30:12Z

The modern consumer has an attitude that food safety is non-negotiable issue – the consumer simply demands food to be safe. Yet, at the same time, the modern consumer has an expectation that the food safety is the responsibility of others – the primary producer, the processing company, the supermarket, commercial food handlers and so on. Given this environment, all food animal industries have little choice but to regard food safety as a key issue. As an example, the chicken meat industry, via the two main industry funding bodies – the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (Chicken Meat) and the Poultry CRC – has a comprehensive research program that seeks to focus on reducing the risks of food-borne diseases at all points of the food processing chain – from the farm to the processing plant. The scale of the issue for all industries can be illustrated by an analysis of the problem of campylobacterosis – a major food-borne disease. It has been estimated that there are around 230,000 cases of campylobacterosis per year. In 1995, it was estimated that each case of food-borne campylobacterosis in the USA was costing between $(US) 350-580. Hence, a reasonable conservative estimate is that each Australian case in 2010 would result in a cost of around $500 (this includes hospital, medication and lost productivity costs). Hence, this single food-borne agent could be costing Australian society around $115 million annually. In the light of these types of estimated costs for just one food-borne pathogen, it is easy to understand the importance that all food animal industries place on food safety.

Fractionation and evaluation of triticale pentosans: comparison with wheat and rye

Saini, H. S. og Henry, R. J. — 2011-03-07T16:13:30Z

Framework for forecasting the extent and severity of drought in maize in the Free State Province of South Africa

2011-03-07T14:31:50Z

An effective framework for drought assessment requires a definition of drought severity, a weather-soils database for the relevant region in a geographic information system (GIS), a reliable crop growth model, a method of forecasting daily weather data from the present date till the end of the growing season and a mapping procedure for the graphical representation of a drought situation. The development and main features of such a framework (system) which is already in use in the Free State Province of South Africa, is described. Based upon the phase of the southern oscillation index, it has been applied to quantify and map drought hazard in maize by running maize crop growth models in a GIS. Input and output data for the latter are grouped in 9800 homogeneous natural resource zones. For each, computed maize grain yield forecasts are compared against long-term cumulative probability distribution functions of yield to determine their probabilities of non-exceedence and used to delimit drought severity areas accordingly. The system enjoys wide acceptance and credibility in the province. To date, the results have been well received by a rapidly growing number of users, now totalling 360. Major users are grain merchants, importers and exporters, millers, the provincial government and maize producers. No tests of accuracy of the forecasting system have been possible at this stage because the computation procedures and software have only just been completed. A similar project has, however, yielded promising results.

Free radical scavenging and cytoprotective activities of phenolic antioxidants

2011-03-07T15:28:56Z

Freeze-drying of protein-loaded nanoparticles for vaccine delivery

2013-04-08T09:16:00Z

From rainfall to farm incomes - Transforming advice for Australian drought policy. I. Development and testing of a bioeconomic modelling system

2011-03-07T00:00:00Z

Frost and heat limits to the wheat flowering ‘window’ in present and future climates

2011-09-29T00:00:00Z

Frost and minimum temperature probabilities (in Queensland, Australia)

Hammer, G. L. og Rosenthal, K. M. — 2011-03-07T00:00:00Z

Frost in northeast Australia: trends and influences of phases of the southern oscillation

2011-03-07T15:35:15Z

A forecast method capable of estimating date of last frost and number of frosts per season in northeastern Australia some months in advance is described. Forecast "skill" is achieved using either Southern Oscillation index (SOI) patterns (phases) during the previous austral autumn or a linear discriminant approach and the SOI. When applying these systems, it is possible to provide significantly different probability distributions of day of last frost and number of frosts, depending on the SOI patterns observed during the previous season. An analysis of the time series of frost frequency and date of last frost suggests an apparent warming trend in the data, resulting in a trend toward earlier dates of last frost and fewer numbers of frosts at many of the locations analyzed. The beneficial implications of the proposed frost forecasting system for enterprises such as winter agriculture in the region are believed to be significant.

Fruit quality and flavour profile of fresh-cut papaya

2011-10-10T00:00:00Z

Functional Genomics Approach for Identification of Molecular Processes Underlying Neurodegenerative Disorders in Prion Diseases

2012-12-30T00:58:17Z

Functionally associated molecular genetic markers for temperate pasture plant improvement

2012-07-27T19:46:18Z

Functional properties of caseinate glycoconjugates prepared by controlled heating in the 'dry' state

2011-03-07T15:27:18Z

Glucose, ribose, fructose, lactose, fructo-oligosaccharide (inulin) and a mixture of inulin and fructose were conjugated with caseinate via the Maillard reaction using controlled heating and low water activity conditions in order to improve the functional properties of caseinate for food purposes. Conjugation with ribose and glucose increased the viscosity of caseinate 28-fold over that of the unmodified caseinate control but also produced the most browning. Glycoconjugates of caseinate–fructose reacted at a substrate ratio of 1:0.2 w/w and 60 °C at 67% relative humidity for 48 h increased the viscosity of caseinate 24-fold with less browning. At 80% relative humidity the reaction occurred so rapidly that, within 24 h gels containing darkly coloured particulate matter were produced. Incorporation of inulin at 1:1:0.2 w/w/w caseinate/inulin/fructose prevented formation of gels and produced glycoconjugates having 15-fold the viscosity of unmodified caseinate with minimal browning.

Furrow irrigation management with limited water

2011-08-10T08:49:28Z