http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/ The University of Queensland en Fez http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:232012 2011-03-07T00:00:00Z Hobman, F. R. og Hammer, G. L. og Shepherd, R. K. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:270350 Restricted soil volume in small pots can have limiting effects on overall plant growth and influence plant responses to experimental treatments. This study was conducted to assess the effect of pot size on growth and partitioning of maize and sorghum plants. A better understanding of the pot size effect can improve future experimental design to balance the management cost and experimental requirement. Seeds of the commercial sorghum hybrid Buster and maize hybrid Pioneer 34N43 were germinated and grown in PVC pots with diameters and depths of 15x40, 15x80, 30x40, and 30x80 cm. The size of pots significantly affected plant growth. Less total shoot mass was produced in plants of either species grown in small pots. However, this was mostly associated with reduced mass of tillers. Proportionally more growth was allocated to roots in small pots, so root/shoot ratio was significantly increased in both species. Plants grown in small pots produced more fibrous roots, and the root system was densely matted. As root density increased in the limited soil volume, competition and barriers to diffusion could affect nutrient acquisition and cause nutrient deficiency. Visible signs of nitrogen deficiency were observed in leaves of plants growing in smaller pots. Reduction in nitrogen uptake and assimilation might have contributed to the reduced shoot growth in the smaller pots. 2012-03-19T00:00:00Z Yang, Zongjian og Hammer, Graeme og van Oosterom, Erik og Rochas, Delphine og Deifel, Kurt http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:266765 Growth and yield performance of ‘Hass’ and ‘Shepard’ grafted to several commercial and proprietary rootstocks has been assessed annually in field trials established around Australia between December 2004 and May 2005. Since 2008 fruit has been assessed for postharvest anthracnose and stem end rot after ripening at 23°C to favour disease development. Peel and/or flesh samples have been analysed for calcium and nitrogen, and for activities of peroxidase and catalase. There were significant rootstock effects on disease and skin cations in some cases, for example, at Hampton in 2010, ‘Hass’ fruit from clonal SHSR-03, ‘A10’ and ‘Velvick’ had less anthracnose than from ‘Reed’ and ‘Hass’. At the Walkamin field site in 2011 fruit skin calcium levels were highest in fruit from ‘Shepard’ trees on clonal ‘Velvick’ and seedling ‘SHSR-03’. These rootstocks have typically performed well in terms of conferring resistance to anthracnose, thus re-affirming the importance of calcium in disease resistance. 2012-02-03T00:00:00Z Coates, L. M. og Dann, E. K. og Shuey, L. S. og Smith, L. A. og Dean, J. R. og Cooke, A. W. og Pegg, K. G. og Hofman, P. J. og Marques, J. R. og Stubbings, B. A. og Whiley, A. W. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:269995 2012-03-15T00:00:00Z Ellis, J. C. og Bellingham, P. J. og Cameron, E. K. og Croll, D. A. og Kolb, G. S. og Kueffer, C. og Mittelhauser, G. H. og Schmidt, S. og Vidal, E. og Wait, D. A. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:275245 The recombinant Bm86-based tick vaccines have shown their efficacy for the control of cattle ticks, . Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and . R. annulatus infestations. However, cattle ticks often co-exist with multi-host ticks such as . Hyalomma and . Amblyomma species, thus requiring the control of multiple tick infestations for cattle and other hosts. Vaccination trials using a . R. microplus recombinant Bm86-based vaccine were conducted in cattle and camels against . Hyalomma dromedarii and in cattle against . Amblyomma cajennense immature and adult ticks. The results showed an 89% reduction in the number of . H. dromedarii nymphs engorging on vaccinated cattle, and a further 32% reduction in the weight of the surviving adult ticks. In vaccinated camels, a reduction of 27% and 31% of tick engorgement and egg mass weight, respectively was shown, while egg hatching was reduced by 39%. However, cattle vaccination with Bm86 did not have an effect on . A. cajennense tick infestations. These results showed that Bm86 vaccines are effective against . R. microplus and other tick species but improved vaccines containing new antigens are required to control multiple tick infestations. 2012-06-05T02:57:12Z Rodriguez-Valle, Manuel og Taoufik, Amar og Valdés, Mario og Montero, Carlos og Ibrahin, Hassan og Hassan, Shawgi Mohammed og Jongejan, Frans og de la Fuentegh, Jose http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:255031 2011-10-12T00:00:00Z Nigam, S. N. og Chandra, S. og Sridevi, K. Rupa og Bhukta, Manohar og Reddy, A. G. S. og Rachaputi, Nageswara Rao og Wright, G. C. og Reddy, P. V. og Deshmukh, M. P. og Mathur, R. K. og Basu, M. S. og Vasundhara, S. og Varman, P. Vindhiya og Nagda, A. K. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:254355 2011-10-06T00:00:00Z Chen, Liping og Wu, Dongfang og Cai, Xuwang og Guo, Fengjuan og Blackall, P. J. og Xu, Xiaojuan og Chen, Huanchun http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:273035 2012-04-23T00:00:00Z Chen, Liping og Wu, Dongfang og Cai, Xuwang og Guo, Fengjuan og Blackall, P. J. og Xu, Xiaojuan og Chen, Huanchun http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:245209 2011-08-10T00:00:00Z Rachowicz, Lara J. og Knapp, Roland A. og Morgan, Jess A. T. og Stice, Mary J. og Vredenburg, Vance T. og Parker, John M. og Briggs, Cheryl J. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:237910 2011-03-22T00:00:00Z Teycheney, Pierre-Yves og Geering, Andrew D.W. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:232758 2011-03-07T00:00:00Z Cross, Michael J. og Waters, Daniel L. E. og Lee, L. Slade og Henry, Robert J. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:252152 2011-09-18T00:06:36Z Cavallaro, Antonio S. og Mahony, Donna og Commins, Margaret og Mahony, Timothy J. og Mitter, Neena http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:267420 2012-02-10T14:42:16Z Mullik, Marthen Luther og Eyanoer, Putri C. og Poppi, Dennis P. og McLennan, Stuart R. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:279555 2012-09-01T07:42:17Z Bundock, Peter C. og Casu, Rosanne E. og Henry, Robert J. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:288512 Echinococcosis, resulting from infection with tapeworms Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis, has a global distribution with 2-3 million people affected and 200,000 new cases diagnosed annually. Costs of treatment for humans and economic losses to the livestock industry have been estimated to exceed $2 billion. These figures are likely to be an underestimation given the challenges with its early detection and the lack of mandatory official reporting policies in most countries. Despite this global burden, echinococcosis remains a neglected zoonosis. The importance of environmental factors in influencing the transmission intensity and distribution of Echinococcus spp. is increasingly being recognized. With the advent of climate change and the influence of global population expansion, food insecurity and land-use changes, questions about the potential impact of changing temperature, rainfall patterns, increasing urbanization, deforestation, grassland degradation and overgrazing on zoonotic disease transmission are being raised. This study is the first to comprehensively review how climate change and anthropogenic environmental factors contribute to the transmission of echinococcosis mediated by changes in animal population dynamics, spatial overlap of competent hosts and the creation of improved conditions for egg survival. We advocate rigorous scientific research to establish the causal link between specific environmental variables and echinococcosis in humans and the incorporation of environmental, animal and human data collection within a sentinel site surveillance network that will complement satellite remote-sensing information. Identifying the environmental determinants of transmission risk to humans will be vital for the design of more accurate predictive models to guide cost-effective pre-emptive public health action against echinococcosis. 2013-01-08T14:17:43Z Atkinson, Jo-an og Gray, Darren J. og Clements, Archie C. A. og Barnes, Tamsin S. og McManus, Donald P. og Yang, Yu R. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:267426 Genotype–environment interactions (GEI) limit genetic gain for complex traits such as tolerance to drought. Characterization of the crop environment is an important step in understanding GEI. A modelling approach is proposed here to characterize broadly (large geographic area, long-term period) and locally (field experiment) drought-related environmental stresses, which enables breeders to analyse their experimental trials with regard to the broad population of environments that they target. Water-deficit patterns experienced by wheat crops were determined for drought-prone north-eastern Australia, using the APSIM crop model to account for the interactions of crops with their environment (e.g. feedback of plant growth on water depletion). Simulations based on more than 100 years of historical climate data were conducted for representative locations, soils, and management systems, for a check cultivar, Hartog. The three main environment types identified differed in their patterns of simulated water stress around flowering and during grain-filling. Over the entire region, the terminal drought-stress pattern was most common (50% of production environments) followed by a flowering stress (24%), although the frequencies of occurrence of the three types varied greatly across regions, years, and management. This environment classification was applied to 16 trials relevant to late stages testing of a breeding programme. The incorporation of the independently-determined environment types in a statistical analysis assisted interpretation of the GEI for yield among the 18 representative genotypes by reducing the relative effect of GEI compared with genotypic variance, and helped to identify opportunities to improve breeding and germplasm-testing strategies for this region. 2012-02-10T00:00:00Z Chenu, K. og Cooper, M. og Hammer, G. L. og Mathews, K. L. og Dreccer, M. F. og Chapman, S. C. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:258316 2011-10-21T00:00:00Z Brijs, K. og Courtin, C, og Goesaert, H. og Gebruers, K. og Delcour, J. og Shewry, P. og Henry, R. J. og Nicolas, J. og Potus, J. og Garcia, R. og Davidou, S. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:232814 Starch may be determined by hydrolysis with α-amylase and amyloglucosidase followed by specific measurement of glucose using glucose oxidase. However biological samples to be analysed for starch often also contain glucose, maltose and higher oligosaccharides derived from the hydrolysis of starch. These sugars may be difficult to remove quantitatively by solvent extraction. We have found that reduction with sodium borohydride followed by evaporation with 2,2 dimethoxypropane removed interference from glucose, maltose and the two reducing terminal residues from higher oligosaccharides. The specific glucose test was not sensitive to glucitol produced by reduction of free glucose. Maltitol was not hydrolysed significantly by the amyloglucosidase, removing interference from maltose and the two reducing terminal residues from higher polymers. The method has potential for monitoring the hydrolysis of starch especially in the mobilisation of starch reserves in plant tissues such as in the endosperm of germinating cereal grains. A reduction ratio based upon the method is proposed for use in characterising starch hydrolysates. 2011-03-07T00:00:00Z Henry, Robert J. og Blakeney, Anthony B. og Lance, Reginald C. M. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:297312 2013-04-12T17:10:46Z Cawdell-Smith, A. J. og Hohenhaus, M. A. og Bryden, W. L. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:258311 2011-10-21T00:00:00Z Jackson, P. og Henry, R. J. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:267051 2012-02-06T00:00:00Z Morales-Erasto, V. og Garcia-Sanchez, A. og Salgado-Miranda, C. og Talavera-Rojas, M. og Robles-Gonzalez, F. og Blackall, P. J. og Soriano-Vargas, E. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:245575 2011-08-15T00:00:00Z Fitzgerald, Timothy Liam og Waters, Daniel Lex Ean og Brooks, Lyndon Owen og Henry, Robert James http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:282264 2012-09-21T00:00:00Z Lu, D. T. og Kelly, M. J. og Sargolzaei, M. og Miller, S. P. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:273039 One major benefit of land application of biosolids is to supply nitrogen (N) for agricultural crops, and understanding mineralisation processes is the key for better N-management strategies. Field studies were conducted to investigate the process of mineralisation of three biosolids products (aerobic, anaerobic, and thermally dried biosolids) incorporated into four different soils at rates of 7–90 wet t/ha in subtropical Queensland. Two of these studies also examined mineralisation rates of commonly used organic amendments (composts, manures, and sugarcane mill muds). Organic N in all biosolids products mineralised very rapidly under ambient conditions in subtropical Queensland, with rates much faster than from other common amendments. Biosolids mineralisation rates ranged from 30 to 80% of applied N during periods ranging from 3.5 to 18 months after biosolids application; these rates were much higher than those suggested in the biosolids land application guidelines established by the NSW EPA (15% for anaerobic and 25% for aerobic biosolids). There was no consistently significant difference in mineralisation rate between aerobic and anaerobic biosolids in our studies. When applied at similar rates of N addition, other organic amendments supplied much less N to the soil mineral N and plant N pools during the crop season. A significant proportion of the applied biosolids total N (up to 60%) was unaccounted for at the end of the observation period. High rates of N addition in calculated Nitrogen Limited Biosolids Application Rates (850–1250 kg N/ha) resulted in excessive accumulation of mineral N in the soil profile, which increases the environmental risks due to leaching, runoff, or gaseous N losses. Moreover, the rapid mineralisation of the biosolids organic N in these subtropical environments suggests that biosolids should be applied at lower rates than in temperate areas, and that care must be taken with the timing to maximise plant uptake and minimise possible leaching, runoff, or denitrification losses of mineralised N. 2012-04-23T21:42:45Z Pu, Guixin og Bell, Mike og Barry, Glenn og Want, Peter http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:245192 2011-08-10T00:00:00Z Payero, J. O. og Neale, C. M. U. og Wright, J. L. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:252333 The wheat grain industry is Australia's second largest agricultural export commodity. There is an increasing demand for accurate, objective and near real-time crop production information by industry. The advent of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite platform has augmented the capability of satellite-based applications to capture reflectance over large areas at acceptable pixel scale, cost and accuracy. The use of multi-temporal MODIS-enhanced vegetation index (EVI) imagery to determine crop area was investigated in this article. Here the rigour of the harmonic analysis of time-series (HANTS) and early-season metric approaches was assessed when extrapolating over the entire Queensland (QLD) cropping region for the 2005 and 2006 seasons. Early-season crop area estimates, at least 4 months before harvest, produced high accuracy at pixel and regional scales with percent errors of -8.6% and -26% for the 2005 and 2006 seasons, respectively. In discriminating among crops at pixel and regional scale, theHANTSapproach showed high accuracy. The errors for specific area estimates for wheat, barley and chickpea were 9.9%, -5.2% and 10.9% (for 2005) and -2.8%, -78% and 64% (for 2006), respectively. Area estimates of total winter crop, wheat, barley and chickpea resulted in coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.92, 0.89, 0.82 and 0.52, when contrasted against the actual shire-scale data. A significantly high coefficient of determination (0.87) was achieved for total winter crop area estimates in August across all shires for the 2006 season. Furthermore, theHANTS approach showed high accuracy in discriminating cropping area from non-cropping area and highlighted the need for accurate and up-to-date land use maps. The extrapolability of these approaches to determine total and specific winter crop area estimates, well before flowering, showed good utility across larger areas and seasons.Hence, it is envisaged that this technology might be transferable to different regions across Australia. 2011-09-20T00:00:00Z Potgieter, Andries og Apan, Armando og Hammer, Graeme og Dunn, Peter http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:231976 5 equations for the estimation of cassava leaf area are given for different levels of precision and field use. They are based on various combinations of linear measurements of the leaf taken from samples collected at South Johnstone and Coolum, sites of vastly different climates. There was no difference in accuracy of the equations between sites. The simplest relationship was loge leaf area (cm2) = -7.47 + 2.460 loge main lobe length (mm) giving R2 = 94.5%. 2011-03-07T00:00:00Z Hammer, G.L. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:257881 Plant growth and soil water deficit can vary spatially and temporally in crop fields due to variation in soil properties and/or irrigation and crop management factors. We conducted field experiments with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) over two seasons during 2007-2009 to test if infrared thermography can distinguish systematic variation in deficit irrigation applied to various parts of the field over time. Soil water content was measured with a neutron probe and thermal images of crop plants were taken with a thermal infrared camera. Leaf water potential and stomatal conductance were also measured on selected occasions. All measurements were made at fixed locations within three replicate plots of an irrigation experiment consisting of four soil-water deficit treatments. Canopy temperature related as well with soil water within the root zone of cotton as the stomatal conductance index derived from canopy temperature, but it neglected the effect of local and seasonal variation in environmental conditions. Similarities in the pattern of spatial variation in canopy temperature and soil water over the experimental field indicates that thermography can be used with stomatal conductance index to assess soil water deficit in cotton fields for scheduling of irrigation and to apply water in areas within the field where it is most needed to reduce water deficit stress to the crop. Further confidence with application of infrared thermography can be gained by testing our measurement approach and analysis with irrigation scheduling of other crops. 2011-10-20T00:00:00Z Phadi, J. og Misra, R.K. og Payero, J.O. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:228495 2011-02-09T00:00:00Z Chabane, K.. og Ablett, G.A. og Cordeiro, G.M. og Valkoun, J. og Henry, R.J. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:267262 2012-02-08T00:00:00Z Shepherd, Mervyn og Bartle, John og Lee, David J. og Brawner, Jeremy og Bush, David og Turnbull, Paul og Macdonell, Paul og Brown, Troy R. og Simmons, Blake og Henry, Robert http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:258301 2011-10-21T00:00:00Z Henry, Robert J. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:232959 2011-03-07T00:00:00Z Underhill, S. J. og McLauchlan, R. L. og Eaks, I. L. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:254483 2011-10-09T00:00:00Z Mitter, N. og Chua, K. og Bag, S. og Druffel, K. og Mitchell, R. og Pappu, H. R. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:231511 The application of a recently described PCR test for the detection of Haemophilus paragallinarum in China is described. The test was used to examine a total of 127 chickens sourced from a challenge trial (38 chickens), a respiratory disease-free experimental chicken farm (50 chickens) and eight farms with suspect infectious coryza (IC) outbreaks (39 chickens). The PCR results were compared with traditional culture. The PCR detected 14/14 infected birds in the challenge trial as compared with 13/14 for culture. The 50 chickens from the disease-free experimental farm were all negative by both PCR and culture. PCR yielded 15/39 birds and 6/8 commercial farms positive as compared with 8/39 birds and 4/8 farms positive by culture. All farms positive by PCR had chickens showing the typical clinical signs of IC, indicating that culture failed to confirm coryza on two farms that had the typical clinical signs of the disease. Although chickens on two commercial farms were thought initially to be suffering from coryza, detailed clinical examination yielded no birds with typical clinical signs. The 12 chickens examined from these two farms were negative by both PCR and culture. The results suggest that the PCR test for H. paragallinarum is a suitable alternative to culture even under the typical field and laboratory conditions that operate in China. 2011-03-07T00:00:00Z Chen, X. og Chen, Q. og Zhang, P. og Feng, W. og Blackall, P.J. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:273600 2012-05-05T11:42:37Z de Wet, S. C. og Koya, A. og Moss, S. og Venus, B. og Lew-Tabor, A. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:267450 2012-02-10T00:00:00Z Dimes, J. og Achien, J. og Mesfin, T. og Abeya, T. og Makoko, B. og Nhantumbo, N. og Rodriguez, D. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:228540 2011-02-09T00:00:00Z Henry, R. J. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:245106 The application of polymer matrix ear tags impregnated with 8.5% w/w cypermethrin to 6 wethers following shearing reduced lice to non-detectable levels on 4 of them at 29 weeks after tagging. At the conclusion of the study at 45 weeks the mean count of lice on tagged wethers was 3 per sheep compared to 158 on untreated wethers. In a second experiment, 6 non-infected sheep were treated at shearing with cypermethrin tags, 6 with 25 g/l cypermethrin backline formulation, 6 with tags plus backline and 6 were left untreated. Each group was exposed to 6 sheep with moderate to heavy infestations of lice. Compared to controls, all treatments delayed infestation, but cypermethrin tags gave no longer protection than backline treatment. All sheep were infested by 17 weeks after commencement of the study. At 45 weeks mean counts of lice were 38, 27, 20 and 74 respectively for sheep treated with tags, backline formulation, backline plus tags and untreated. Possible reasons for the better effect observed from applying tags to infested sheep than to sheep which were not infected at application but which were subsequently exposed to infested sheep are discussed. 2011-08-08T00:00:00Z James, P.J. og Erkerlenz, P. og Meade, R.J. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:266618 2012-02-02T00:00:00Z Manley, M. og Snyder, F. og McGovern, C. og Fox, G. og Kidd, M. og Botes, W. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:295679 2013-04-04T01:28:27Z Minchinton, E. J. og Auer, D. P. F. og Thomson, F. M. og Trapnell, L. N. og Petkowski, J. E. og Galea, V. og Faggian, R. og Kita, N. og Murdoch, C. og Kennedy, R. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:257197 2011-10-19T00:00:00Z Lew-Tabor, A.E., og Rodriguez Valle, M., og Kurscheid, S og Barrero, R., og Gondro, C., og Moolhuijzen, P.M., og Morgan, J.A.T., og Bruyeres, A.B og Zhang, B og Bellgard, M.I. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:258830 2011-10-21T00:00:00Z Lew-Tabor, A. E. og Rodriguez Valle, M. og Kurscheid, S. og Barrero, R. og Gondro, C. og Moolhuijzen, P. M. og Morgan, J. A. T. og Bruyeres, A. B. og Zhang, B. og Bellgard, M. I. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:255445 2011-10-13T00:00:00Z Kurscheid, Sebastian og Lew-Tabor, Ala E. og Rodriguez Valle, Manuel og Bruyeres, Anthea G. og Doogan, Vivienne J. og Munderloh, Ulrike G. og Guerrero, Felix D. og Barrero, Roberto A. og Bellgard, Matthew I. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:276750 Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV; family Nanoviridae, genus Babuvirus) is a multi-component, ssDNA virus, which causes widespread banana crop losses throughout tropical Africa and Australasia. We determined the full genome sequences of 12 BBTV isolates from the Kingdom of Tonga and analysed these together with previously determined BBTV sequences to show that reassortment and both inter- and intra-component recombination have all been relatively requent occurrences during BBTV evolution. We found that whereas DNA-U3 components display evidence of complex inter- and intra-component recombination, all of the South Pacific DNA-R components have a common intra-component recombinant origin spanning the replicationassociated protein gene. Altogether, the DNA-U3 and DNA-M components display a greater degree of inter-component recombination than the DNA-R, -S, -C and -M components. The breakpoint distribution of the inter-component recombination events reveals a primary recombination hotspot around the 59 side of the common region major and, in accordance with recombination hotspots detectable in related ssDNA viruses, a secondary recombination hotspot near the origin of virion-strand replication. 2012-07-02T00:00:00Z Stainton, Daisy og Kraberger, Simona og Walters, Matthew og Wiltshire, Elizabeth J. og Rosario, Karyna og Halafihi, Mana’ia og Lolohea, Samiuela og Katoa, Ika og Faitua, Tu’amelie H. og Aholelei, Waikato og Taufa, Luseane og Thomas, John E. og Collings, David A. og Martin, Darren P. og Varsani, Arvind http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:257186 2011-10-19T00:00:00Z Barrero, R.A. og Keeble-Gagnere, G. og Zhang, B. og Moolhuijzen, P. og Ikeo, K. og Tateno, Y. og Gojobori, T. og Guerrero, F.D. og Lew-Tabor, A.E. og Bellgard, M.I. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:258827 2011-10-21T00:00:00Z Barrero, R.A., og Keeble-Gagnere, G. og Zhang, B., og Moolhuijzen, P., og Ikeo, K., og Tateno, Y og Gojobori, T., og Guerrero, F.D., og Lew-Tabor, A.E., og Bellgard, M. I http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:245263 2011-08-10T00:00:00Z Barrero, Roberto A. og Keeble-Gagnere, Gabriel og Zhang, Bing og Moolhuijzen, Paula og Ikeo, Kazuho og Tateno, Yoshio og Gojobori, Takashi og Guerrero, Felix D. og Lew-Tabor, Ala og Bellgard, Matthew http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:278179 2012-07-27T00:00:00Z Geering, Andrew D. W. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:245221 The wide geographic distribution of Schistosoma mansoni, a digenetic trematode and parasite of humans, is determined by the occurrence of its intermediate hosts, freshwater snails of the genus Biomphalaria (Preston 1910). We present phylogenetic analyses of 23 species of Biomphalaria, 16 Neotropical and seven African, including the most important schistosome hosts, using partial mitochondrial ribosomal 16S and complete nuclear ribosomal ITS1 and ITS2 nucleotide sequences. A dramatically better resolution was obtained by combining the data sets as opposed to analyzing each separately, indicating that there is additive congruent signal in each data set. Neotropical species are basal, and all African species are derived, suggesting an American origin for the genus. We confirm that a proto-Biomphalaria glabrata gave rise to all African species through a trans-Atlantic colonization of Africa. In addition, genetic distances among African species are smaller compared with those among Neotropical species, indicating a more recent origin. There are two species-rich clades, one African with B. glabrata as its base, and the other Neotropical. Within the African clade, a wideranging tropical savannah species, B. pfeifferi, and a Nilotic species complex, have both colonized Rift Valley lakes and produced endemic lacustrine forms. Within the Neotropical clade, two newly acquired natural hosts for S. mansoni (B. straminea and B. tenagophila) are not the closest relatives of each other, suggesting two separate acquisition events. Basal to these two species-rich clades are several Neotropical lineages with large genetic distances between them, indicating multiple lineages within the genus. Interesting patterns occur regarding schistosome susceptibility: (1) the most susceptible hosts belong to a single clade, comprising B. glabrata and the African species, (2) several susceptible Neotropical species are sister groups to apparently refractory species, and (3) some basal lineages are susceptible. These patterns suggest the existence of both inherent susceptibility and resistance, but also underscore the ability of S. mansoni to adapt to and acquire previously unsusceptible species as hosts. Biomphalaria schrammi appears to be distantly related to other Biomphalaria as well as to Helisoma, and may represent a separate or intermediate lineage. 2011-08-10T00:00:00Z Dejong, Randall J. og Morgan, Jess A. T. og Paraense, W. Lobato og Pointier, Jean-Pierre og Amarista, Manuel og Ayeh-Kumi, Patrick F. K. og Babiker, Ahmed og Barbosa, Constanca S. og Bremond, Philippe og Canese, Andres Pedro og de Souza, Cecilia Pereira og Dominguez, Claudio og File, Sharon og Gutierrez, Alfredo og Incani, R. Nino og Kawano, Toshie og Kazibwe, Francis og Kpikpi, John og Lwambo, Nicholas J. S. og Mimpfoundi, Remy og Njiokou, Flobert og Poda, Jean Noel og Sene, M. og Velasquez, Luz Elena og Yong, Mary og Adema, Coen M. og Hofkin, Bruce V. og Mkoji, Gerald M. og Loker, Eric S. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:258442 2011-10-21T00:00:00Z Henry, R. J.