School of Agriculture and Food Sciences - UQ eSpace

Analysis of integration between Queensland feed and malting barley markets

Gali, V. Jyothi og Brown, Colin G. — 2008-06-06T00:00:00Z

Analysis of line x environment interactions for yield in navy beans. 1. Components of variance

2008-06-10T00:00:00Z

Multi-environment yield trials of navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines were grown over a diverse range of locations for the years 1983-1989 in Queensland, in an unbalanced set of line x location x year combinations. This is the first in a series of 3 papers reporting different perspectives on the genotype x environment (GxE) interactions in this series of experiments. In this paper, restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimates of GxE components of variation were derived using trial means in both standard and extended models where concomitant genotype and location factors such as maturity, disease resistance, and experimental management regimes were investigated. Prior to estimating the variance components the heterogeneity of trial error variances was modelled. Several alternative trialing systems were compared using acceptance probabilities derived from the variance components. The interaction of genotype maturity with location considerably reduced the line x location x year variance component and further examination of the maturity x environment interaction suggested an advantage in stratifying the breeding program on maturity. There is no redundancy in the current trialing system and an increase in sampling locations can be justified.

Analysis of line x environment interactions for yield in navy beans. 3. Pattern analysis of environments over years

2008-06-10T00:00:00Z

Yield trials of navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines were grown over a diverse range of locations for 7 years in Queensland, with changes in entries and locations in each year. The yield data were analysed over years using 3 recently developed pattern analysis techniques for the integration of historical, severely unbalanced data from plant breeding programs to derive relationships among environments in the way they discriminate among the entries grown in them. These techniques have been named as cumulative analysis, sequential analysis, and status analysis. The relationships among the locations for testing navy bean lines, although sensitive to the addition of new locations, quickly stabilised. These relationships were related to management (irrigation and row width) and latitude (north v. central v. Kingaroy v. southern Queensland).

Analysis of line x environment interactions for yield in navy beans. 2. Pattern analysis of lines and environment within years

2007-08-19T00:00:00Z

Seven years of multi-environment yield trials of navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in Queensland were examined. As is common with plant breeding evaluation trials, test entries and locations varied between years. Grain yield data were analysed for each year using cluster and ordination analyses (pattern analyses). These methods facilitate descriptions of genotype performance across environments and the discrimination among genotypes provided by the environments. The observed trends for genotypic yield performance across environments were partly consistent with agronomic and disease reactions at specific environments and also partly explainable by breeding and selection history. In some cases, similarities in discrimination among environments were related to geographic proximity, in others management practices, and in others similarities occurred between geographically widely separated environments which differed in management practices. One location was identified as having atypical line discrimination. The analysis indicated that the number of test locations was below requirements for adequate representation of line x environment interaction. The pattern analyses methods used were an effective aid in describing the patterns in data for each year and illustrated the variations in adaptive patterns from year to year. The study has implications for assessing the number and location of test sites for plant breeding multi-environment trials, and for the understanding of genetic traits contributing to line x environment interactions.

Analysis of O-glycosylation site occupancy in bovine kappa-casein glycoforms separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

The ability of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) to separate glycoproteins was exploited to separate distinct glycoforms of kappa-casein that differed only in the number of O-glycans that were attached. To determine where the glycans were attached, the individual glycoforms were digested in-gel with pepsin and the released glycopeptides were identified from characteristic sugar ions in the tandem mass spectrometry (MS) spectra. The O-glycosylation sites were identified by tandem MS after replacement of the glycans with ammonia/aminoethanethiol. The results showed that glycans were not randomly distributed among the five potential glycosylation sites in kappa-casein. Rather, glycosylation of the monoglycoform could only be detected at a single site, T-152. Similarly the diglycoform appeared to be modified exclusively at T-152 and T-163, while the triglycoform was modified at T-152, T-163 and T-154. While low levels of glycosylation at other sites cannot be excluded the hierarchy of site occupation between glycoforms was clearly evident and argues for an ordered addition of glycans to the protein. Since all five potential O-glycosylation sites can be glycosylated in vivo, it would appear that certain sites remain latent until other sites are occupied. The determination of glycosylation site occupancy in individual glycoforms separated by 2-DE revealed a distinct pattern of in vivo glycosylation that has not been recognized previously.

Analysis of purified glabra3-shapeshifter trichomes reveals a role for NOECK in regulating early trichome morphogenic events

Gilding, Edward K. og Marks, M. David — 2010-10-31T00:00:00Z

Analysis Of spacing for spotted gum plantations for maximising merchantable logs’ volume in South East Queensland, Australia

2007-08-31T00:00:00Z

Spotted gum (Corymbia citriodora subspecies Variegata) has the potential to be the major hardwood species for large-scale plantations in South East Queensland, Australia, but production research is limited due to the lack of age of research plots. Optimal spacing is a major subject of concern. Based on time series data from a spotted gum experiment site, growth performance is analysed for five spacing levels: ─11.3 m x 11.3 m (78 stems per hectare), 7.4 m x 7.4 m (182 sph), 5.4 m x 5.4 m (343 sph), 3.6 m x 3.6 m (771 sph) and 2.9 m x 2.9 m (1189 sph). The major objective was assumed to be to maximise total merchantable log volume. A growth model was produced, and the mean diameter at breast height (dbh) and total merchantable log volume for each spacing levels at a range of harvesting ages was estimated. From the analysis, the spacing level of 5.4 m x 5.4 m was found to be optimal for maximising merchantable log volume to 10 cm small-end diameter. Further analysis of mean dbh, height and volume of the largest 200 and 250 trees from this spacing level indicates that merchantable log volume could be maximised by retaining the 250 largest trees per hectare. The total financial revenue from the best spacing level in 25 and 30 years are predicted to be $13,637 and $17,779 per hectare, respectively. If full rotation data could be obtained, more reliable models could be produced, and a more accurate financial estimate could be made.

Analysis of stabling requirements for the Thoroughbred racing industry in South East Queensland

Bryden, W. L. og Perkins, N. R. — 2010-05-04T00:00:00Z

Analysis of stomach bacterial communities in Australian feral horses

2013-01-20T00:17:43Z

We investigated the community structure of bacteria that populate the stomach of the Brumby, a breed of feral horses from the Australian outback. Using a 16S rRNA gene clone library, we identified 155 clones that were assigned to 26 OTUs based on a 99.0% sequence identity cutoff. Two OTUs represented 73.5% of clones, while 18 OTUs were each assigned only a single clone. Four major bacterial types were identified in the Brumby stomach: Lactobacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Veillonellaceae and Pasteurellaceae. The first three groups, which represented 98.1% of the Brumby stomach library clones, belonged to the bacterial phylum Firmicutes. We found that 49.7% of clones were related to bacterial species previously identified in the equine hindgut, and that 44.5% of clones were related to symbiotic bacterial species identified in the mouth or throat of either horses or other mammals. Our results indicated that the composition of mutualistic bacterial communities of feral horses was consistent with other studies on domestic horses. In addition to bacterial sequences, we also identified four plastid 16S rRNA gene sequences, which may help in further characterizing the type of vegetation consumed by Brumby horses in their natural environment.

Analysis of sugarcane yield productivity trends in the wet tropics at a district level

2008-06-06T00:00:00Z

Analysis of the Human Casein Phosphoproteome by 2-D Electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS Reveals New Phosphoforms

2009-04-17T00:00:00Z

Analysis of the optimal length of harvest season in the Australian sugar industry using a stochastic differential game of timing

Beard, R. M. og Wegener, M. K. — 2008-06-06T00:00:00Z

Analysis of zein with MALDI-TOF MS: Investigation of extraction parameters

Fox, G.P. og Manley, M. og O’Kennedy, K. — 2011-03-18T00:00:00Z

Analytical model for the prediction of glass transition temperature of food systems

2007-08-14T00:00:00Z

An analysis of village garden management in the Papua New Guinea highlands

Wegener, M. og Kirchhof, G. og Wilson, T. — 2010-09-21T00:00:00Z

A survey of approximately 100 village gardeners in the Papua New Guinea (PNG) highlands was conducted in 2005 as a preliminary step in setting up an Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research project to improve the nutrition of sweetpotato in the highlands. Sweetpotato is the main staple crop in the PNG highlands, which had a population of around 2 million (or 40% of the country’s population) at the 2000 census, with around 2–3% annual growth. Despite these high growth rates, the area under agricultural production has remained fairly static, resulting in increasing pressure on land resources. Farmers are concerned about yield decline, as sweetpotato yields from fallowed land, or land recently brought back into production as part of the recycling of gardens that occurs in the highlands, tend to be much higher (2–8 t/ha tubers) than yields from old gardens. Despite high apparent nutrient stocks and favourable carbon:nitrogen ratios in the soil, most sweetpotato tissue samples have shown low nutrient levels, in particular of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron. The survey was conducted to assemble background information on farm locations, farm practices, crop yields, and soil and plant analysis. The conceptual framework proposed to guide the analysis was that background factors (such as location, garden type, land availability, age and sex of farmer, number of children in household and sources of other income) affect management practices. These management practices (soil preparation, planting system, fertility management including fallowing, use of animals such as goats and pigs in the farming system, and crop rotations) influence outcomes such as plant and soil analyses; sweetpotato yields; plant symptoms; tuber characteristics such as weight, size, colour and cracking; presence of nematodes; and ability to grow other crops. A preliminary analysis of the survey data has been conducted and results are reported in this paper.

Anaplasmosis

Lew, A.E. — 2011-03-21T00:00:00Z

An application of wheat phenome atlas using three-way principal component analysis

2012-03-23T17:29:12Z

An appraisal for alternative strategies for managing herbicide-resistant weeds

2008-06-06T00:00:00Z

An approach to applied climate education in Australia

2007-08-27T00:00:00Z

An approach to identifying factors affecting milk protein concentration in dairy cattle

2007-08-24T00:00:00Z

Milk protein production can be influenced by several factors, including environment, disease status, parity, stage of lactation, breed, genetic merit and the nutritional status of the animal (DePeters and Cant 1992). A combination of, or an interaction between, these factors can significantly affect milk protein production. Our study aims to identify the main factors affecting milk protein concentration in dairy cattle in the south-east Queensland region.

An approach to identifying potential post-fta opportunities for agribusinesses to access the Chinese market: An Australian case study

Sun, X. og Collins, R. — 2010-04-13T00:00:00Z

With a population of approximately 1.3 billion people, China is currently Asia’s second largest food and beverage market by value behind Japan. Post-WTO, the opening of Chinese markets represents a significant opportunity to countries exporting or wishing to export food to China. This is particularly true of Australian agribusiness as a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) is being negotiated between the two countries. At the same time, China is experiencing great difficulty in establishing and enforcing a code of practice for food quality, safety and traceability, especially for domestically produced food products, notable among them being fresh horticultural products. This study proposes an approach to evaluate the potential of Australian fruit and vegetable exports to China in a free trade environment. The approach is based on scaled evaluation criteria that encompass the major factors constraining food exports from Australia to China. They include tariffs and tariff barriers, evidence of recent export activity, price sensitivity, potential future demand, demand stability, opportunities for chain improvement and overall competitiveness. A study of 12 Australian food categories revealed six with the highest potential, including fruit. The outlook for vegetables was less optimistic. The evaluation approach used could be applied to any country wishing to evaluate potential opportunities to export horticultural produce to China, or to a more detailed study of horticultural export opportunities alone.

An Approach to Improving the Flow of Information for Forestry Regulation in the Philippines: Trees for Life and Livelihood

2006-05-03T00:00:00Z

Tree registration is necessary for the harvest and sale of timber in the Philippines. However, tree registration and harvest and transport approvals are cited as critical constraints to tree growing and market access for existing tree farmers. There is a lack of knowledge of policies and regulations dealing with the ownership of trees, and their harvest, transport and sale, both within the community and even in branches of government. These conditions point to the need for improving the flow of information relating to regulation, from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) through Local Government Units and other agencies, to communities, so as to improve market conditions and access. An approach is suggested combining systems thinking and action research. This approach centres on the creation of action research teams involving government and university staff together with community representatives. The choice of action research methods is well suited to the complex situation, the need for change and the spirit of community involved in working with smallholder tree farmers. The key to changing information flow, bureaucratic regulation and community understanding lies in the combination of environmental goals to protect tree cover and biodiversity and the livelihood needs of smallholders. There is a need to promote farm forestry as a means of protecting the environment, and providing vital ecosystem services and opportunities for income generation from renewable resources. There is also a need for government staff to listen to and understand the needs of the farmers involved in forestry. The selected approach is intended to stimulate a passion for making a difference for rural livelihoods, and to promote a simple message of trees for life and livelihood.

An approximate Bayesian algorithm for training fuzzy cognitive map models of forest responses to deer control in a New Zealand adaptive management experiment

2012-09-02T00:12:31Z

An arabinoxylan-rich fraction from wheat enhances caecal fermentation and protects colonocyte DNA against diet-induced damage in pigs

2012-06-25T00:00:00Z

An assessment of China's approach to grassland degradation and livelihood problems in the pastoral region

2010-01-20T00:00:00Z

An assessment of coral reefs in the north west Madagascar

Webster, F. J. og McMahon, K. M. — 2007-08-14T00:00:00Z

An assessment of future trends and needs in the Northern Australian Dairy Industry

2008-06-06T00:00:00Z

An Assessment of Tarong Bottom Ash for Use on Agricultural Soils

Wearing, C. og Nairn, J. D. og Birch, C. — 2005-06-10T00:00:00Z

Coal combustion by-products (CCBs), including fly ash and bottom ash, present a waste disposal problem in Australia due to a continuing demand for coal fired power. Pozzolanic Enterprises handle ash produced by the Tarong Energy coalfired power station in SouthWest Queensland, which produces approximately 1,200,000 tonnes per annum of CCBs. This comprises roughly 1,100,000 tonnes of fly ash and 100,000 tonnes of furnace bottom ash. The volume and unique properties of the Tarong bottom ash present a significant opportunity for agronomic use. Of particular interest is the ability of Tarong bottom ash to markedly improve the water holding capacity of soils. Given Australia's rural environment is currently enduring a 'one-in-one- hundred-year' drought a study of the ability of Tarong bottom ash to improve water holding capacity is timely. This paper details physical and chemical properties relevant to agronomic use and water holding capacity of ash/soil blends along with some results from initial field trials.

An assessment of the genetic relationship between sweet and grain sorghums, within Sorghum bicolor ssp bicolor (L.) Moench, using AFLP markers

2008-02-18T00:00:00Z

An Assult on Salinity

Siepen, G. L. — 2008-06-10T00:00:00Z

Anatomy of ethylene-induced floral-organ abscission in Chamelaucium uncinatum (Myrtaceae)

2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

Postharvest abscission of Geraldton waxflower (Chamelaucium uncinatum Schauer) flower buds and flowers is ethylene-mediated. Exposure of floral organs to exogenous ethylene (1 mu L L-1) for 6 h at 20 degrees C induced separation at a morphologically and anatomically distinct abscission zone between the pedicel and. oral tube. Flower buds with opening petals and flowers with a nectiferous hypanthium were generally more responsive to exogenous ethylene than were flower buds enclosed in shiny bracteoles and aged (senescing) flowers. The anatomy of abscission-zone cells did not change at sequential stages of floral development from immature buds to aged flowers. The zone comprised a layer of small, laterally elongated-to-rounded, closely packed and highly protoplasmic parenchyma cells. Abscission occurred at a two- to four-cell-wide separation layer within the abscission zone. The process involved degradation of the middle lamella between separation layer cells. Following abscission, cells on both the proximal and distal faces of the separation layer became spherical, loosely packed and contained degenerating protoplasm. Central vascular tissues within the surrounding band of separation layer cells became torn and fractured. For flower buds, bracteoles that enclose the immature floral tube also separated at an abscission zone. However, this secondary abscission zone appeared less sensitive to ethylene than the primary ( central). oral-tube abscission zone as bracteoles generally only completely abscised when exposed to 10 mu L L-1 ethylene for the longer period of 24 h at 20 degrees C. The smooth surfaces of abscised separation-layer cells suggest that hydrolase enzymes degrade the middle lamella between adjacent cell walls.

An atypical heterotrimeric G-protein gamma-subunit is involved in guard cell K+-channel regulation and morphological development in Arabidopsis thaliana

2011-09-25T00:00:00Z

Currently, there are strong inconsistencies in our knowledge of plant heterotrimeric G-proteins that suggest the existence of additional members of the family. We have identified a new Arabidopsis G-protein γ-subunit (AGG3) that modulates morphological development and ABA-regulation of stomatal aperture. AGG3 strongly interacts with the Arabidopsis G-protein β-subunit in vivo and in vitro. Most importantly, AGG3-deficient mutants account for all but one of the ‘orphan’ phenotypes previously unexplained by the two known γ-subunits in Arabidopsis. AGG3 has unique characteristics never before observed in plant or animal systems, such as its size (more than twice that of canonical γ-subunits) and the presence of a C-terminal Cys-rich domain. AGG3 thus represent a novel class of G-protein γ-subunits, widely spread throughout the plant kingdom but not present in animals. Homologues of AGG3 in rice have been identified as important quantitative trait loci for grain size and yield, but due to the atypical nature of the proteins their identity as G-protein subunits was thus far unknown. Our work demonstrates a similar trend in seeds of Arabidopsis agg3 mutants, and implicates G-proteins in such a crucial agronomic trait. The discovery of this highly atypical subunit reinforces the emerging notion that plant and animal G-proteins have distinct as well as shared evolutionary pathways.

An audit of first-aid treatment of pediatric burns patients and their clinical outcome

2009-11-29T00:00:00Z

This study describes the first aid used and clinical outcomes of all patients who presented to the Royal Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia in 2005 with an acute burn injury. A retrospective audit was performed with the charts of 459 patients and information concerning burn injury, first-aid treatment, and clinical outcomes was collected. First aid was used on 86.1% of patients, with 8.7% receiving no first aid and unknown treatment in 5.2% of cases. A majority of patients had cold water as first aid (80.2%), however, only 12.1% applied the cold water for the recommended 20 minutes or longer. Recommended first aid (cold water for >=20 minutes) was associated with significantly reduced reepithelialization time for children with contact injuries (P = .011). Superficial depth burns were significantly more likely to be associated with the use of recommended first aid (P = .03). Suboptimal treatment was more common for children younger than 3.5 years (P < .001) and for children with friction burns. This report is one of the few publications to relate first-aid treatment to clinical outcomes. Some positive clinical outcomes were associated with recommended first-aid use; however, wound outcomes were more strongly associated with burn depth and mechanism of injury. There is also a need for more public awareness of recommended first-aid treatment.

An efficient interspecific hybridisation protocol for Carica papaya LxC cauliflora Jacq.

2011-03-10T00:00:00Z

An efficient in vitro regeneration system for Australian-grown chickpea (Cicer arietinum) cultivars

2011-03-10T00:00:00Z

A Neglected Aspect of Business: Human and Social Capital in the Sri Lankan Tea Plantations

Wickramasinghe, Ananda D. og Cameron, Donald C. — 2007-08-24T00:00:00Z

This paper examines idiosyncrasies of tea plantation culture and politics in relation to Sri Lankan national and popular cultural typologies, with special reference to female tea plantation workers. Tea production in Sri Lanka is heavily based on manual labour, and it is the largest industry that provides accommodation for employees and their families. In this paper, it is argued that politico-cultural production relations have dominated labour productivity in tea plantations. Ways in which female workers have been marginalized, through patriarchal politics, ethnicity, religion, education, elitism, and employment are explained. This culture of the plantation community operates negatively with respect to the management agenda. It is also argued that social capital development in tea plantations is important not only for productivity improvement, but also for reasons of political and social obligation for the nation, because migrant plantation workers have been working and living in plantations over 150 years.

An electrostatic model predicting metal toxicity to root growth and microbial processes in soils

2013-04-08T12:10:33Z

An embryo-rescue protocol for Vigna interspecific hybrids

Palmer, JL og Lawn, RJ og Adkins, SW — 2007-08-14T00:00:00Z

A successful embryo-rescue and culture protocol was developed for use with several indigenous Vigna species and mungbean cultivars grown in Australia. Germination of Vigna immature embryos and their subsequent development into plants was influenced by the time at which the embryos were isolated and by which medium additives were placed in the embryo-rescue medium. A medium containing MS basal nutrients with sucrose (88 mM), casein hydrolysate (500 mg L-1) and agar (8 g L-1) but devoid of plant-growth regulators was found to be the best for germination of immature embryos for all four Vigna species investigated. The protocol for successful germination of non-hybrid immature embryos was applied to the recovery of interspecific hybrids involving mungbean and five native Vigna species that had previously been found difficult to hybridise. Several putative hybrid plants were obtained including a confirmed interspecific cross between V. luteola (Jacq.) Benth and V. marina (Burm.) Merrill.

An Empirical Approach to Correlate Power Law fluid parameters obtained from Low Shear Rate Rotational Viscometers and Tube Flow Viscometers

Adhikari, B. P. og Jindal, V. K. — 2007-08-14T00:00:00Z

Anesthesia of captive African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) using a medetomidine-ketamine-atropine combination

2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

Seven captive male African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) weighing 25-32 kg each, were anesthetized by i.m. injection via hand syringe with a combination of 1.5 mg/kg ketamine, 40 mu g/kg medetomidine, and 0.05 mg/kg atropine. Following endotracheal intubation, each animal was connected to a bain closed-circuit system that delivered 1.5% isoflurane and 2 L/min oxygen. Atipamezole (0.1 mg/kg i.v.; 0.1 mg/kg i.m.) was given at the end of each procedure (60 min following injection of medetomidine/ketamine/atropine). Time to sternal recumbency was 5-8 min. Times to standing after atipamezole administration were 8-20 min. This anesthetic regimen was repeated on three separate occasions (September 2000, February 2002, and October 2002) on all males to perform electroejaculation procedures. Each procedure was < 80 min from injection to standing. Dogs showed excellent muscle relaxation during the procedures. Arterial blood samples were collected at 10-min intervals for blood gases in one procedure (September 2000). Separate venous samples were taken from each dog during each procedure for hematology and biochemistry. These values were within the normal range for this species. Arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) were monitored continuously in addition to other anesthesia monitoring procedures (body temperature, respiratory rate [RR], capillary refill time, blink response, pupil position, deep pain perception reflex). All dogs maintained relatively stable SpO2 profiles during monitoring, with a mean (+/- SD) SpO2 of 92% +/- 5.4%. All other physiological variables (HR, RR, body temperature, blood pressure) were within normal limits. Following each procedure, normal behavior was noted in all dogs. All the dogs were reunited into the pack at completion of their anesthetic procedures. An injectable medetomidine-ketamine-atropine combination with maintenance by gaseous isoflurane and oxygen provides an inexpensive, reliable anesthetic for captive African wild dogs.

An evaluation of amendments to reduce hardsetting in a sodic duplex soil under sugarcane production

Meier, E. og So, B. H. B. — 2007-08-23T00:00:00Z

An evaluation of Colwell-P as a measure of plant-available phosphorus in soils of volcanic and non-volcanic origins in the highlands of Papua New Guinea

2009-04-15T00:00:00Z

An evaluation of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on avian immunity.

2007-08-23T00:00:00Z

An evaluation of genetic analyses, skull morphology and visual appearance for assessing dingo purity: implications for dingo conservation

2009-04-15T00:00:00Z

The introgression of domestic dog genes into dingo populations threatens the genetic integrity of ‘pure’ dingoes. However, dingo conservation efforts are hampered by difficulties in distinguishing between dingoes and hybrids in the field. This study evaluates consistency in the status of hybridisation (i.e. dingo, hybrid or dog) assigned by genetic analyses, skull morphology and visual assessments. Of the 56 south-east Queensland animals sampled, 39 (69.6%) were assigned the same status by all three methods, 10 (17.9%) by genetic and skull methods, four (7.1%) by genetic and visual methods; and two (3.6%) by skull and visual methods. Pair-wise comparisons identified a significant relationship between genetic and skull methods, but not between either of these and visual methods. Results from surveying 13 experienced wild dog managers showed that hybrids were more easily identified by visual characters than were dingoes. A more reliable visual assessment can be developed through determining the relationship between (1) genetics and phenotype by sampling wild dog populations and (2) the expression of visual characteristics from different proportions and breeds of domestic dog genes by breeding trials. Culling obvious hybrids based on visual characteristics, such as sable and patchy coat colours, should slow the process of hybridisation.

An evaluation of nutritional constraints on sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) production in the central highlands of Papua New Guinea

2009-04-15T00:00:00Z

An Evaluation of Seed Rain as an Indicator of Rangeland Condition

Page, M. J. og Beeton, R.J.S. — 2007-08-23T00:00:00Z

An evaluation of selected amendments to reduce hardsetting in a sodic duplex soil under sugarcane production

Meier, E. — 2007-08-24T00:00:00Z

An evaluation of strategic intervention in the development of a value chain alliance

Lim, L. A. — 2007-08-27T00:00:00Z

An evolutionary economic perspective on technical change and adjustment in cane harvesting systems in the Australian sugar industry

Brennan, L. og Wegener, M. — 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

Australian sugar-producing regions have differed in terms of the extent and rate of incorporation of new technology into harvesting systems. The Mackay sugar industry has lagged behind most other sugar-producing regions in this regard. The reasons for this are addressed by invoking an evolutionary economics perspective. The development of harvesting systems, and the role of technology in shaping them, is mapped and interpreted using the concept of path dependency. Key events in the evolution of harvesting systems are identified, which show how the past has shaped the regional development of harvesting systems. From an evolutionary economics perspective, the outcomes observed are the end result of a specific history.

An evolutionary radiation of beeflies in semi-arid Australia: systematics of the Exoprosopini (Diptera : Bombyliidae)

2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

Almost half of the 4822 described beeflies in the world belong to the subfamily Anthracinae, with most of the diversity found in three cosmopolitan tribes: Villini, Anthracini, and Exoprosopini. The Australian Exoprosopini previously contained three genera, Ligyra Newman, Pseudopenthes Roberts and Exoprosopa Macquart. Pseudopenthes is an Australian endemic, with two species including Ps. hesperis, sp. nov. from Western Australia. Two new species of the exoprosopine Atrichochira Hesse, Atr. commoni, sp. nov. and Atr. paramonovi, sp. nov., are also described from Australia, extending the generic distribution from Africa. Cladistic analysis clarified the phylogenetic relationships between the recognised groups of the Exoprosopini and determined generic limits on a world scale. Inclusion of 18 Australian exoprosopines placed the Australian species in the context of the world fauna. The Exoprosopini contains six large groups. The basal group I contains species previously included in Exoprosopa to which the name Defilippia Lioy is applied. Group II contains Heteralonia Rondani, Atrichochira, Micomitra Bowden, Pseudopenthes, and Diatropomma Bowden. Colossoptera Hull is newly synonymised with Heteralonia. Group III is a paraphyletic assemblage of Pterobates Bezzi and Exoprosopa including the Australian Ex. sylvana ( Fabricius). Ligyra is paraphyletic, forming two well-separated clades. The African clade is described as Euligyra Lambkin, gen. nov., which, together with Litorhina Bezzi and Hyperalonia Rondani, form group IV. The Australian group V is true Ligyra. The remaining monophyletic lineage of exoprosopines, group VI, the Balaana-group of genera, shows evidence of an evolutionary radiation of beeflies in semi-arid Australia. Phylogenetic analysis of all 42 species of the Balaana-group of genera formed a basis for delimiting genera. Seven new genera are described by Lambkin & Yeates: Balaana, Kapua, Larrpana, Munjua, Muwarna, Palirika and Wurda. Four non-Australian species belong to Balaana. Thirty two new Australian species are described: Bal. abscondita, Bal. bicuspis, Bal. centrosa, Bal. gigantea, Bal. kingcascadensis, K. corusca, K. irwini, K. westralica, Lar. collessi, Lar. zwicki, Mun. erugata, Mun. lepidokingi, Mun. paralutea, Mun. trigona, Muw. vitreilinearis, Pa. anaxios, Pa. basilikos, Pa. blackdownensis, Pa. bouchardi, Pa. cyanea, Pa. danielsi, Pa. decora, Pa. viridula, Pa. whyalla, W. emu, W. impatientis, W. montebelloensis, W. norrisi, W. patrellia, W. skevingtoni, W. windorah, and W. wyperfeldensis. The following new combinations are proposed: from Colossoptera: Heteralonia latipennis (Brunetti); from Exoprosopa: Bal. grandis (Pallas), Bal. efflatounbeyi (Paramonov), Bal. latelimbata ( Bigot), Bal. obliquebifasciata ( Macquart), Bal. tamerlan (Portschinsky), Bal. onusta ( Walker), Def. busiris (Jaennicke), Def. efflatouni ( Bezzi), Def. eritreae (Greathead), Def. gentilis ( Bezzi), Def. luteicosta ( Bezzi), Def. minos (Meigen), Def. nigrifimbriata ( Hesse), Def. rubescens ( Bezzi), K. adelaidica ( Macquart), Lar. dimidiatipennis ( Bowden), Muw. stellifera ( Walker), and Pa. marginicollis ( Gray); from Ligyra: Eu. enderleini ( Paramonov), Eu. mars ( Bezzi), Eu. monacha (Klug), Eu. paris ( Bezzi), Eu. sisyphus ( Fabricius), and Eu. venus (Karsch).