http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/ The University of Queensland en Fez http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:293082 2013-03-08T12:51:49Z Wehr, J. B. og Blamey, F. P. C. og Menzies, N. W. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:203578 2010-04-20T00:00:00Z Wehr, J.B. og Blamey, F.P.C. og Kerven, G.L. og Horst, W.J. og Hanna, J.V. og Menzies, N.W. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:222947 Teak is adapted to grow in tropical and subtropical regions and is considered to require fertile soils. Despite this, teak is often planted in soils that are highly leached, acidic and potentially Al-toxic. In Australia, several clones are commonly used for teak plantations and the aim of this study was to determine the optimum pH, Ca requirement and Al sensitivity of these clones. Biomass increase of nutrient solution-grown teak plants was used to determine the optimum pH and Ca. There were no significant differences in optimum pH and Ca between clones and, overall, the greatest growth was obtained with nutrient solutions containing 1 mM Ca and adjusted to pH 6. Teak plants still grew at pH 4, but developed foliar Ca deficiency symptoms at 0.1 mM Ca. The Al sensitivity was determined by staining excised roots with chromeazurol S, eriochrome R and hematoxylin. Roots of plants exposed to 50 and 300 AM Al for 1-7 days gave a strong reaction with hematoxylin, and chromeazurol S, but a weak response to eriochrome cyanine R. The greatest resistance to low pH and Al was observed in the two clones E and H. 2010-11-30T00:00:00Z Wehr, J. Bernhard og Smith, Tim og Blamey, Pax og Menzies, Neal http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:101585 2007-08-23T00:00:00Z Fischer, K. S. og Fukai, S. og Lafitte, R. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:139407 2008-06-10T00:00:00Z Grundy, P. og Maelzer, D. A. og Bruce, A. R. og Hassan, E. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:114423 High rates of lime and fertilizer-P are characteristically required to obtain high crop yields on highly weathered acid soils. Much of the agriculture in the southern tropical belt, where acid soils predominate, is carried out by resource-poor, semi-subsistence farmers who are unable to purchase large quantities of lime and fertilizer. There are, however, a number of reports that additions of organic residues to acid soils can reduce Al toxicity (thus lowering the lime requirement) and improve P availability. The literature regarding these effects is sparse and disjointed and an integrated overview of the probable mechanisms responsible and their implications is presented and discussed. During decomposition of organic residues, a wide range of organic compounds are released from the residues and/or are synthesized by the decomposer microflora. The two most important groups in relation to Al toxicity and P availability are soluble humic molecules and low molecular weight aliphatic organic acids. Both these groups of substances can complex with phytotoxic monomeric Al in soil solution thus detoxifying it and they can also be adsorbed to Al and Fe oxide surfaces consequently blocking P adsorption sites. During residue decomposition, there is often a transitory increase in soil pH and this induces a decrease in exchangeable and soil solution Al through their precipitation as insoluble hydroxy-ill compounds. It also confers a greater negative charge on oxide surfaces and thus tends to decrease P adsorption. The increase in pH has been attributed to a number of causes including oxidation of organic acid anions present in decomposing residues, ammonification of residue N, specific adsorption of organic molecules produced during decomposition and reduction reactions induced by anaerobiosis. There are also mechanisms specific to either Al detoxification or improved soil P status. For example, regular applications of organic residues will induce a long-term increase in soil organic matter content. Complexation of Al by the newly-formed organic matter will tend to reduce the concentrations of exchangeable and soluble Al present. As organic residues decompose, P is released and this can become adsorbed to oxide surfaces. This will, in turn, reduce the extent of adsorption of subsequently added P thus increasing P availability. The practical implication of the processes discussed is that organic residues could be used as a strategic tool to reduce the rates of lime and fertilizer P required for optimum crop production on acidic, P-fixing soils. Further research is, therefore, warranted to investigate the use of organic residues in the management of acid soils. 2007-10-17T00:00:00Z Haynes, RJ og Mokolobate, MS http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:185852 2009-11-12T00:00:00Z Menzies, N.W. og Snars, K.E. og Kopittke, G.R. og Kopittke, P.M. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:128184 An improved method to analyze the C-13 NMR spectra of native starches, which considers the contribution of the V-type conformation and the nature of the amorphous component, has been developed. Starch spectra are separated into amorphous and ordered subspectra, using intensity at 84 ppm as a reference point. The ordered subspectra of high amylose starches show the presence of both V-type single helices and B-type double helices. Relative proportions of amorphous, single, and double-helical conformations are estimated by apportioning intensity of C1 peak areas between conformational types on the basis of ordered and amorphous subspectra of the native starch. Quantitative analysis shows that the V-type single-helical component increases with amylose content of starches. Different amorphous subspectra are needed to provide a consistent analysis of granular starches from diverse sources. The method of preparation was found to be more important than the starch botanical origin in determining C-13 NMR spectral features of amorphous samples. 2008-02-18T00:00:00Z Tan, Ihwa og Flanagan, Bernadine M. og Halley, Peter J. og Whittaker, Andrew K. og Gidley, Michael J. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:238195 2011-03-22T00:00:00Z Chan, Chon-Kit Kenneth og Hsu, Arthur L. og Tang, Sen-Lin og Halgamuge, Saman K. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:123801 A method for the large-scale isolation of beta-casein from renneted skim milk was developed. The Curd from renneted skim milk was dispersed in hot (>= 70 degrees C) water to inactivate residual chymosin. The heated curd was subsequently recovered by centrifugation. resuspended in water and incubated at 5 degrees C, during which P-casein dissociated from the curd, the suspension was centrifuged and the aqueous phase lyophilised. The isolated protein consisted mainly of beta-cascin, containing a minor amount of gamma-caseins and traces of other caseins. Unless chymosin was fully inactivated by heating, some beta-casein was hydrolysed at the Leu(192)-Tyr(193) bond. The yield of beta-casein increased with incubation time, up to similar to 20% of the beta-cascin present in the milk after 24 h at 5 degrees C. Reducing milk pH to 5.5 or 6.0, prior to renneting, caused a high level of contamination with alpha(s)-cascins. This isolation procedure can be easily scaled-up to an industrial process and the beta-casein-depleted curd may be used for the manufacture of rennet casein or processed cheese. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2008-01-25T00:00:00Z Huppertz, Thom og Hennebel, Jean-Baptiste og Considine, Therese og Shakeek-Ur-Rehman og Kelly, Alan L. og Fox, Patrick F. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:74359 Previous research has reported both agreements and serious anomalies in relationships between production attributes of sugarcane varieties in variety trials (VTs) and commercial production (CP). This paper examines VT and CP data for tonnes of cane per hectare (TCH) and sugar content (CCS). Data, analysed by REML, included 107 VTs and 54 CP mill years for 9 varieties from the mill districts of Mulgrave, Babinda, and Tully for harvest years 1982-99. Important consistencies included high TCH of Q152, high CCS of Q117 and Q120, and low CCS of H56-752. Significant anomalies existed with respect to TCH for Q113, Q117, Q120, Q122, Q138, and H56-752 and to CCS for Q113 and Q124. Investigation of these anomalies was assisted by access to independent REML analyses of CP data for 65692 individual Tully cane blocks from 1988 to 1999 and by the knowledge of persons familiar with the preferential uses of varieties by farmers. Minor anomalies were due to limited year or mill area data. Q124 TCH was deemed to be decreased and its CCS increased by severe disease in Babinda CP in the extremely wet 1998 and 1999 seasons. Other serious anomalies have credible but unsubstantiated explanations. The most convincing, for Q113, Q117, Q138, and H56-752, are that these varieties were deployed unevenly with regard to late season harvesting, predominant use or avoidance on high fertility soils, or use confined to low fertility sandy soils, respectively. Uneven deployment results in confounding of these effects in the varietal CP statistics at mill area level. It is concluded that VTs cannot be enhanced to anticipate or evaluate most effects of uneven deployment. They give adequate predictions of relative CP performance for varieties deployed evenly across confounding influences. Routine analyses of individual block CP data would be useful and enhanced by addition of relevant information to the block records. 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z Ellis, R. N. og Basford, K. E. og Leslie, J. K. og Hogarth, D. M. og Cooper, M. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:59425 Historically, few articles have addressed the use of district level mill production data for analysing the effect of varietal change on sugarcane productivity trends. This appears to be due to lack of compiled district data sets and appropriate methods by which to analyse these data. Recently, varietal data on tonnes of sugarcane per hectare (TCH), sugar content (CCS), and their product, tonnes of sugar content per hectare (TSH) on a district basis, have been compiled. This study was conducted to develop a methodology for regular analysis of such data from mill districts to assess productivity trends over time, accounting for variety and variety x environment interaction effects for 3 mill districts (Mulgrave, Babinda, and Tully) from 1958 to 1995. Restricted maximum likelihood methodology was used to analyse the district level data and best linear unbiased predictors for random effects, and best linear unbiased estimates for fixed effects were computed in a mixed model analysis. In the combined analysis over districts, Q124 was the top ranking variety for TCH, and Q120 was top ranking for both CCS and TSH. Overall production for TCH increased over the 38-year period investigated. Some of this increase can be attributed to varietal improvement, although the predictors for TCH have shown little progress since the introduction of Q99 in 1976. Although smaller gains have been made in varietal improvement for CCS, overall production for CCS decreased over the 38 years due to non-varietal factors. Varietal improvement in TSH appears to have peaked in the mid-1980s. Overall production for TSH remained stable over time due to the varietal increase in TCH and the non-varietal decrease in CCS. 2007-08-14T00:00:00Z Ellis, R. N. og Basford, K. E. og Cooper, M. og Leslie, J. K. og Byth, D. E. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:104723 2007-08-23T00:00:00Z Zhang, D. og Li, X. og Munn, J. og Sillence, N. og Bryden, W. L. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:102039 2007-08-23T00:00:00Z Selle, P.H. og Ravindran, V og Ravindran, G. og Bryden, W. L. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:236817 The nutritional value or quality of dietary proteins used for poultry feed formulation varies: amino acid availability is an important measure of protein quality. Determination of ileal digestibility values has become the preferred method for estimating amino acid availability. This review discusses the different approaches to the expression of digestibility results, including correction for endogenous loss and the derivatisation of standardised values. Sources of variation in values include, the assay protocol, anti-nutritional factors in feedstuffs and feed milling. Feed formulating with ileal digestibility values should allow higher dietary inclusion levels of protein feedstuffs of lower quality provided that values of different feedstuffs are additive, the age of the bird and the use of feed enzymes are considered. An Australian data set of "ileal digestible amino acid values in feedstuffs for poultry" that has recently be published is described. This overview is intended to stimulate interest in the generation and application of ileal digestibility as a method for estimating amino acid availability in poultry nutrition. 2011-03-16T00:00:00Z Bryden, Wayne L. og Li, Xiuhua http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:171265 2009-03-23T00:00:00Z Ravindran, V. og Bryden, W. L. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:172084 It is now accepted that the analysis of ileal contents rather than of excreta is a more reliable method for assessing amino acid (AA) digestibility of feedstuffs for poultry. However, a major problem faced by the users of currently available digestibility databases is the confusion that exists about various terminologies used to describe AA digestibility, highlighting the need in the industry to agree on a standard methodology to measure and describe AA digestibility estimates. Lessons learnt from ileal digestibility assays, which were developed in our Laboratory for a large-scale survey of poultry feedstuffs, will be discussed and a standard mehodology for poultry digestibility assays will be presented. The relative merits of apparent and true digestible AA systems, however, will continue to be a subject of debate among nutritionists. The measurement of true digestibility includes a correction for endogenous AA secretions determined in the same digestibility assay. The concept of standardized digestibility system that overcomes the limitations of apparent and true digestible AA systems will be discussed. This system is comparable to true digestibility system, with the only difference being that it involves a correction for basal endogenous losses that need not be determined in the same digestibility assay. The basal endogenous AA loss is dened as the minimal loss of endogenous AA which occurs irrespective of feed ingredient or dietary composition and could be measured by feeding of low levels of highly digestible proteins (e.g. casein, wheat gluten) or the regression method. However, only limited published data is available on the endogenous amino acid losses at the distal data is available on the endogenous amino acid losses at the distal ileum of poultry. Since the transformation to standardized digestibility values will require reliable estimates of basal endogenous amino acid losses at the ileal level, further research on this subject is warranted. Some key areas for future research will be highlighted. 2009-03-26T00:00:00Z Ravindran, V. og Bryden, W. L. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:276781 2012-07-02T08:06:54Z Vinall, Kerry og Schmidt, Susanne og Brackin, Richard og Lakshmanan, Prakash og Robinson, Nicole http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:186474 Pasture-grazed dairy cows, deer, and sheep were tested for the presence of ammonia-hyperproducing (HAP) bacteria in roll tubes containing a medium in which tryptone and Casamino Acids were the sole nitrogen and energy sources. Colonies able to grow on this medium represented 5.2, 1.3, and 11.6% of the total bacterial counts of dairy cows, deer, and sheep, respectively. A total of 14 morphologically distinct colonies were purified and studied further. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of 16S rRNA genes indicated that all isolates differed from the previously described HAP bacteria, Clostridium aminophilum, Clostridium sticklandii, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. Carbon source utilization experiments showed that five isolates (C2, D1, D4, D5, and S1) were unable to use any, or very few, of the carbon sources tested. Biochemical tests and phylogenetic analyses of 16S ribosomal DNA sequences indicated that all isolates were monensin sensitive; that D1 and S1 belonged to the genus Peptostreptococcus, that D4 and D5 belonged to the family Bacteroidaceae, where D4 was similar to Fusobacterium necrophorum; and that C2 was most similar to an unidentified species from the genus Eubacterium. Growth on liquid medium containing tryptone and Casamino Acids as the sole nitrogen and energy source showed that D1, D4, and S1 grew rapidly (specific growth rates of 0.40, 0.35, and 0.29 h-1, respectively), while C2 and D5 were slow growers (0.25 and 0.10 h-1, respectively). Ammonia production rates were highest in D1 and D4, which produced 945.5 and 748.3 nmol/min per mg of protein, respectively. Tests of individual nitrogen sources indicated that D1 and D4 grew best on tryptone, S1 grew equally well on Casamino Acids or tryptone, and C2 and D5 grew poorly on all nitrogen sources. The intact proteins casein and gelatin did not support significant growth of any of the isolates. These isolates extend the diversity of known HAP rumen bacteria and indicate the presence of significant HAP bacterial populations in pasture-grazed New Zealand ruminants. 2009-11-17T00:00:00Z Attwood, Graeme T. og Klieve, Athol V. og Ouwerkerk, Diane og Patel, Bharat K. C. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:73483 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z Carter, R.W. og Beeton, R.J.S. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:8080 An important premise of new crops research in horticulture is that biologically successful new species can lead to successful new industries. Success in a biological sense is a necessary but insufficient condition because successful new crop industries are driven by economic and social factors as well as biological factors, and in practice these three sets of factors interact as a system. How to model any one of the biological, economic or social sub-systems is reasonably well understood, but modelling the dynamics of the whole system is more problematic. This paper presents a descriptive model that may be a first step towards understanding the many pathways that new horticultural industries follow, some towards success and others towards failure. The model adopts the view that the biological and environmental science of developing a new crop species must be considered in the context of new industries as emerging social systems with economic objectives. It argues that the multiple developmental pathways of a new industry reflect the principle of growth through discontinuous change, or punctuated equilibrium. The structure of the model is based around four linked phrases, each described in terms of the activities of the actors within that phase. Punctuations of equilibrium can occur within or between phases, with either negative or positive consequences. In this way multiple pathways of development become possible. New crop examples drawn from horticulture are used to demonstrate the features of these various pathways in practice. With caution, it is concluded that the model could be used as a diagnostic tool to indicate future developmental pathways for a new horticultural industry, or to help identify approaches to intervening in a new industry's development to enhance the likelihood of its success. 2006-07-21T00:00:00Z Collins, Ray. J. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:8328 People usually know how they want their situation to change to secure a better future – but they do not always know how to change their situation. Initiatives intended to secure a better future do not always work as intended, and may have unintended side effects. Computer models can help advocates explore consequences of proposed initiatives, so they can make informed selections of alternatives, secure in the knowledge that consequences have been thoroughly investigated. By encouraging people to explore scenarios, models empower people to be more innovative and less dependent on technocrats. Models also enable planners to experiment with policy without risks to people or to the environment. Emerging software solves many technical limitations, but the real issue is not software, but rather the provision of a supportive framework within which people can express and experiment with ideas. FLORES, the Forest Land Oriented Resource Envisioning System, provides such a framework to stimulate interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers, practitioners and clients. Two recent workshops have demonstrated the feasibility of FLORES, one of which provides the subject matter for a forthcoming issue of Small-scale Forest Economics, Management and Policy. However, FLORES is not about software; it is about providing the means to explore the consequences of alternative scenarios. Ultimately, FLORES is not a physical package, but an association of users and the interactions they have amongst themselves, and with the people involved in policy-making. By promoting this emerging network and providing technical support we encourage more people, especially those from developing countries, to influence the development of FLORES and the issues that can be explored within it. 2006-05-26T00:00:00Z Vanclay, Jerome K og Prabhu, Ravi og Muetzelfeldt, Robert og Haggith, Mandy http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:8167 People usually know how they want their situation to change to secure a better future - but they do not always know how to change their situation. Initiatives intended to secure a better future do not always work as intended, and may have unintended side effects. Computer models can help advocates explore consequences of proposed initiatives, so they can make informed selections of alternatives, secure in the knowledge that consequences have been thoroughly investigated. By encouraging people to explore scenarios, models empower people to be more innovative and less dependent on technocrats. Models also enable planners to experiment with policy without risks to people or to the environment. Emerging software solves many technical limitations, but the real issue is not software, but rather the provision of a supportive framework within which people can express and experiment with ideas. FLORES, the Forest Land Oriented Resource Envisioning System, provides such a framework to stimulate interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers, practitioners and clients. Two recent workshops have demonstrated the feasibility of FLORES, one of which provides the subject matter for a forthcoming issue of Small-scale Forest Economics, Management and Policy. However, FLORES is not about software; it is about providing the means to explore the consequences of alternative scenarios. Ultimately, FLORES is not a physical package, but an association of users and the interactions they have amongst themselves, and with the people involved in policy-making. By promoting this emerging network and providing technical support we encourage more people, especially those from developing countries, to influence the development of FLORES and the issues that can be explored within it. 2006-07-12T00:00:00Z Vanclay, Jerome K. og Prabhu, Ravi og Muetzelfeldt, Robert og Haggith, Mandy http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:107812 2007-08-27T00:00:00Z Flint, M. og Murray, P. J. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:183641 A cyclone stickiness test device from a preliminary work was modified and used for characterizing stickiness behaviour of food powders. This test device employed the principle of particle dynamics in cyclone section of a spray dryer. The device was more compacted and consisted of temperature–humidity controlled air generator and cyclone test chamber. Characteristic temperature–humidity curves were determined and served as the maximum test conditions. Skim milk powder was used as a model for stickiness testing. The sample was subjected to various air conditions in the cyclone and stickiness conditions were determined. Surface moisture content and glass transition temperature at sticky point were also analysed. It was found that as the particle surface temperature increased humidity at which stickiness occurred decreased. Stickiness curve was drawn to separate between sticky and non-sticky conditions. The curve of glass transition temperature vs equilibrium surface moisture content at sticky points was obtained. It was found that the sticky curve laid at 11.4 °C above the glass transition temperature line. 2009-09-04T00:00:00Z Intipunya, P. og Shrestha, A. og Howes, T. og Bhandari, B. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:128601 The Australasian Annulipes Complex is the most species-rich among Anopheles mosquitoes, with at least 15 sibling species suspected. Members of this complex are the most likely vectors of malaria in the past in southern Australia and are involved in the spread of myxomatosis among rabbits. In this, the first comprehensive molecular study of the Annulipes Complex, 23 ITS2 rDNA variants were detected from collections throughout Australia and Papua New Guinea, including diagnostic variants for the previously identified An. annulipes species A-G. Specimens of each ITS2 variant were sequenced for portions of the mitochondrial COI, COII and nuclear EF-1 alpha genes. Partitioned Bayesian and Maximum Parsimony analyses confirmed the monophyly of the Annulipes Complex and revealed at least 17 clades that we designate species A-Q. These species belong to two major clades, one in the north and one mainly in the south, suggesting that climate was a driver of species radiation. We found that 65% (11) of the 17 sibling species recorded here had unique COI sequences, suggesting that DNA barcoding will be useful for diagnosing species within the Annulipes Complex. A comparison of the taxa revealed morphological characters that may be diagnostic for some species. Our results substantially increase the size of the subgenus Cellia in Australasia, and will assist species-level studies of the Annulipes Complex. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2008-02-18T00:00:00Z Foley, D. H. og Wilkerson, R. C. og Cooper, R. D. og Volovsek, M. E. og Bryan, J. H. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:231570 2011-03-07T00:00:00Z Zhang, P. og Blackall, P. J. og Yamaguchi, T. og Iritani, Y. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:109973 The amplification of transposon insertion-flanking sequences is the basis of a variety of techniques used for the detection and characterization of specific transposon insertion events. We have developed a method for the efficient size determination and quantification of amplified genomic sequences that flank Mutator (Mu) transposon insertions in maize. Using this detection method, we have been able to optimize Mu insertion site amplification and to assess amplification from increasingly complex templates representing increasing numbers of Mu-active maize plants. This detection method should be applicable for the characterization of transposon or transgene insertion events in a wide variety of organisms. 2007-09-19T00:00:00Z Edwards, D. og Coghill, J. og Batley, J. og Holdsworth, M. og Edwards, K. J. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:174631 This chapter reports the MODSS analysis in south-east Queensland (SEQ). This analysis was conduced as an initial analysis of options for farm forestry in the region, presenting current expert opinion on feasible farm forestry practices and there relative merits. The results of the analysis were intended for presentation to other stakeholders to be involved later in the study. This chapter includes a summary of the process of including stakeholder and technical input in the analysis. This included seeking persons with technical expertise in farm forestry, and inviting them to form a technical reference group. This group provided the technical input in the study. This chapter also reports brief descriptions of the options and criteria, the effects tables developed for this initial analysis, the results of the multi-criteria analysis and a discussion of the results. 2009-04-08T00:00:00Z Jeffreys, I. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:8105 This chapter reports the MODSS analysis in south-east Queensland (SEQ). This analysis was conduced as an initial analysis of options for farm forestry in the region, presenting current expert opinion on feasible farm forestry practices and there relative merits. The results of the analysis were intended for presentation to other stakeholders to be involved later in the study. This chapter includes a summary of the process of including stakeholder and technical input in the analysis. This included seeking persons with technical expertise in farm forestry, and inviting them to form a technical reference group. This group provided the technical input in the study. This chapter also reports brief descriptions of the options and criteria, the effects tables developed for this initial analysis, the results of the multi-criteria analysis and a discussion of the results. 2006-07-17T00:00:00Z Jeffreys, Ian http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:174633 This chapter reports the MODSS analysis conducted in the Hodgson Creek catchment on the Darling Downs. It summarises the process used to gain stakeholder and technical input into the analysis. Options and criteria developed for the Hodgson Creek analysis are also described briefly, as is the effects table. The results of the multi-criteria analysis are presented and discussed. 2009-04-08T00:00:00Z Jeffreys, I. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:8104 This chapter reports the MODSS analysis conducted in the Hodgson Creek catchment on the Darling Downs. It summarises the process used to gain stakeholder and technical input into the analysis. Options and criteria developed for the Hodgson Creek analysis are also described briefly, as is the effects table. The results of the multi-criteria analysis are presented and discussed. 2006-07-17T00:00:00Z Jeffreys, Ian http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:97838 2007-08-24T00:00:00Z Tran, T. T. H. og Datta, N. og Deeth, H. C. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:65828 Enzyme detergents used in the food industry contain proteinase as the major enzyme but amylase may be present, either by design or inadvertently. Three commercial enzyme detergents and 3 enzyme preparations used in detergents were assayed for alpha-amylase activity by the Ceralpha method using the Megazyme kits. The amylase activities of the detergents varied from 3.2x 10(-6) to 32x 10(-6) mumoles ml(-1) h(-1) while the enzyme preparations had much higher activities ranging from 0.05 to 8.06 mumoles ml(-1) h(-1). When added aseptically to a simulated dairy dessert (2% starch solution) and stored for 42 days, the enzyme detergents caused an increase in viscosity; enzyme preparations at low concentrations caused an initial increase in viscosity followed by a decrease; and enzyme preparations at high concentrations caused an immediate decrease in viscosity. The increase in viscosity corresponded to formation of a distinct network of starch granules while the decrease in viscosity was characterised by a marked decrease in size of the granules and little or no network of granules. Decreases in viscosity corresponded to increases in reducing sugars but samples which increased in viscosity showed no measurable reducing sugars. The amylase activity in all sources was destroyed by heating at 75degreesC for 15 min at pH 1.8. 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z Tran, TTH og Datta, N og Deeth, HC http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:177011 The effects of starch structural properties and starch modification on extruder operation were monitored via die pressure, motor torque, mean residence time and specific mechanical energy (SME). The structural properties studied involved variations in the ratios of amylose and amylopectin as well as the effect of a hydroxypropylated starch on the fore mentioned extruder properties. A full factorial design of experiments (DOE) was used to then determine the influence of starch type (unmodified starches with 0%, 28%, 50% and 80% amylose; 80% amylose hydroxypropylated starch) and screw speed (250, 300 and 350 rpm) on these processing parameters. The effects of starch type and screw speed on extrusion operation that were systematically investigated using the DOE and have provided valuable insight into the relationships between starch structure and processing. The design of experiments showed that starch type for both unmodified and modified maize had a statistically significant effect on parameters such as torque, die pressure and specific mechanical energy and that screw speed also significantly effected specific mechanical energy. Residence time distributions differed according to starch type (amylose content, hydroxypropylation) and screw speed. The additional study of residence time distribution also gave an indication of the degree of mixing in the extruder. Starch type variations were apparent at low screw speed however at higher screw speed the influence of starch type decreased significantly. 2009-04-19T00:00:00Z Chaudhary, A. L. og Miler, M. og Torley, P. og Sopade, P. A. og Halley, P. J. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:141557 Accounting reports represent one of the most widely used forms of communication on an organization's performance to its stakeholders, including existing and potential investors, regulatory agencies, and lobby groups. However, these reports often present only a partial picture of an organization's performance because nonmarket, unpriced events relating to the management of natural resources are not taken into consideration. Consequently, reliance on these reports can lead to poorly informed decisions regarding use of resources controlled by organizations. In this article, an alternative reporting framework for organizations managing natural resources is proposed, which incorporates the data management and communication skills of the accountant, and the resource valuation techniques of the economist. The proposed reporting framework is illustrated with reference to a multipurpose reforestation program in Australia, and practical issues associated with its application are discussed. 2008-06-10T00:00:00Z Herbohn, Kathleen F. og Harrison, Steve R. og Herbohn, John L. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:66943 Accurate estimates of body mass in fossil taxa are fundamental to paleobiological reconstruction. Predictive equations derived from correlation with craniodental and body mass data in extant taxa are the most commonly used, but they can be unreliable for species whose morphology departs widely from that of living relatives. Estimates based on proximal limb-bone circumference data are more accurate but are inapplicable where postcranial remains are unknown. In this study we assess the efficacy of predicting body mass in Australian fossil marsupials by using an alternative correlate, endocranial volume. Body mass estimates for a species with highly unusual craniodental anatomy, the Pleistocene marsupial lion (Thylacoleo carnifex), fall within the range determined on the basis of proximal limb-bone circumference data, whereas estimates based on dental data are highly dubious. For all marsupial taxa considered, allometric relationships have small confidence intervals, and percent prediction errors are comparable to those of the best predictors using craniodental data. Although application is limited in some respects, this method may provide a useful means of estimating body mass for species with atypical craniodental or postcranial morphologies and taxa unrepresented by postcranial remains. A trend toward increased encephalization may constrain the method's predictive power with respect to many, but not all, placental clades. 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z Wroe, Stephen og Myers, Troy og Seebacher, Frank og Kear, Ben og Gillespie, Anna og Crowther, Mathew og Salisbury, Steve http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:100894 2007-08-23T00:00:00Z Ellis, R. N. og Kroonenberg, P. M. og Harch, B.D. og Basford, K. E. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:204625 2010-05-02T00:01:52Z Song, Youhong og Birch, Colin og Qu, Shanshan og Doherty, Al og Hanan, Jim http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:84437 2007-08-14T00:00:00Z Waldron, Scott og Brown, C. G. og Zhang, C. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:174900 2009-04-09T00:00:00Z Basford, K. og Brusic, V. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:122629 The chemical structure and composition of a retan agent, CNSF (condensation product of naphthalenesulfonic acid (NSA) and formaldehyde), and related components contained in tannery wastewaters were analyzed by ion-pair liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (IPC-HPLC/ESI-MS) in negative ion mode. This method allows high-resolution separation of polymers. CNSF contained linear NSA oligomers (n = 1-11) that were eluted in order of increasing degree of polymerization. The area under the peaks was correlated to the concentration. The theoretical correlation between retention time and the molecular mass of CNSF oligomers can be used to predict the actual distribution of molecular mass or degree of polymerization. The CNSF consisted of 34.3% monomers, 14.8% dimers, 15.3% trimers and 12.1% tetramers. Other oligomers (n = 5-11) accounted for the remaining 23.5%. Using solid-phase extraction techniques and HPLC/MS, sulfonated monomers, dimers, and trimers were detected in three tannery wastewaters (A-C). Monomers (NSA and naphthalenedisulfonic acid) were one of the major components and ranged from 1.2-(C) to 22.0% (B). Concentrations of 2-naphthalenesulfomc acid were 4.9 mg/L (A), 30.1 mg/L (B), and 0.6 mg/L (C). A high proportion of dimers (18.5%) and trimers (14.5%) were detected in wastewater C, as compared with A (6.4 and 0.7%) and B (3.92 and 0.2%). The method presented allows the analysis of aromatic sulfonates in syntan and tannery wastewater. 2008-01-25T00:00:00Z Song, Z. og Edwards, S. R. og Howland, K. og Burns, R. G. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:99015 2007-08-24T00:00:00Z Edi-Soetaredjo, F. og Torley, P. og Rutgers, R. P. G. og Bhandari, B. R. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:217070 2010-09-24T00:00:00Z Brown, C. G. og Waldron, S. A. og Longworth, J. W. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:231668 2011-03-07T00:00:00Z Chow, Sharon og Fletcher, Mary T. og Mckenzie, Ross A. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:176444 Disulphide bonds play an important role in protein structure and function. Bovine k-casein (k-csn), an important glycoprotein in milk, contains two cysteines that can form disulphide bonds. On 2-D gels run under nonreducing conditions the k-csn in milk presented a complex pattern of monomers and disulphide-linked oligomers. Trains of spots corresponding to monomers to hexamers were observed as a result of the participation of different glycoforms and phosphoforms in oligomer formation. The dimers and trimers ran as doublets on the gel and analysis of the disulphide-linked peptides released from them after in-gel tryptic digestion showed they were the result of different disulphide linkages. The linkages were confirmed by MSMS. When milks with electrophoretically distinct genetic variants of k-csn were mixed and run on 2-D gels, they retained their distinct patterns indicating that disulphide exchange reactions or disulphide ‘scrambling’ was not occurring during 2-D analysis. The patterns observed represent the native distribution of k-csn in milk at harvest. The role and significance of the disulphide bonding of k-csn are discussed. © 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 2009-04-16T00:00:00Z Holland, John W. og Deeth, Hilton C. og Alewood, Paul F. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:8502 Soybean consumption in Indonesia increased from approximately 2.0 million tons in the beginning of the 1990s to 2.4 million tons in 2002. At the same time, production declined from 1.86 million tons in 1992 to 0.87 million tons in 2001, following a more than 50 percent decline in harvested area. At least part of the decline in production is due to a decrease in the soybean import tariff that was reduced from 20 percent in 1998 to 5 percent in 2001. Farm groups have argued that this tariff should be reinstituted despite the negative effects that it would have on consumers. The present study, using the Policy Analysis Matrix methodology, demonstrates that, even at the current levels of productivity, soybeans yield a profitable return to land and management at both private and social prices. Farmers who have switched to the new seeds developed by Indonesian researchers have been able to increase productivity (and profits) substantially. This finding suggests that government efforts to reintroduce import tariffs on soybeans would be undesirable and would lead to inefficiencies in the use of domestic resources. Government investments in soybean production that are likely to have a high benefit-cost ratio are extension activities that educate farmers on the proper seed bed preparation and planting procedures for the new varieties as well as cold storage facilities that hold seeds at the proper temperature before planting. General improvements in credit facilities that make it easier for farmers to innovate would also be desirable. 2006-04-06T00:00:00Z Aji, Joni M. M. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:187433 2009-11-23T00:00:00Z Ouwerkerk, D. og Maguire, A. J. og Klieve, A. V. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:174660 2009-04-08T00:00:00Z Birch, C J. og McLean, G. og Sawers, A. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:108011 2007-08-27T00:00:00Z Birch, C. J. og McLean, G. og Sawers, A.