Excellence in Research Australia (ERA) - Collection - UQ eSpace

Abolition of valproate derived choleresis in the MRP2 transporter-deficient rat

Wright, A.W.E. og Dickinson, R. G. — 2007-08-24T00:00:00Z

Abolition of valproate-derived choleresis in the Mrp2 transporter-deficient rat

Wright, A. W. E. og Dickinson, R. G. — 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

Valproic acid (VPA) is a major therapeutic agent in the treatment of epilepsy and other neurological disorders. It is metabolized in humans and rats primarily along two pathways: direct glucuronidation to yield the acyl glucuronide (VPA-G) and beta-oxidation. We have shown much earlier in the Sprague-Dawley rat that i.v. administration of sodium valproate (NaVPA) caused a marked choleresis ( mean of 3.3 times basal bile flow after doses of 150 mg/kg), ascribed to the passive osmotic flow of bile water following excretion of VPA-G across the canalicular membrane. Active biliary pumping of anionic drug conjugates across the canalicular membrane is now believed to be attributable to transporter proteins, in particular Mrp2, which is deficient in the TR- ( a mutant Wistar) rat. In the present study, normal Wistar and Mrp2-deficient TR- rats were dosed i.v. with NaVPA at 150 mg/kg. In the Wistar rats, there was a peak choleretic effect of about 3.2 times basal bile flow, occurring at about 30 to 45 min postdose ( as seen previously with Sprague-Dawley rats). In TR- rats given the same i.v. dose, there was no evidence of postdose choleresis. The choleresis was correlated with the excretion of VPA-G into bile. In Wistar rats, 62.8 +/- 7.7% of the NaVPA dose was excreted in bile as VPA-G, whereas in TR- rats, only 2.0 +/- 0.6% of the same dose was excreted as VPA-G in bile ( with partial compensatory excretion of VPA-G in urine). This study underlines the functional ( bile flow) consequences of biliary transport of xenobiotic conjugated metabolites.

Abolition of valproate glucuromide-derived choleresis in the MRP2 deficient TR- rat

Wright, A. W. E. og Dickinson, R. G. — 2007-08-24T00:00:00Z

A border-based approach for hiding sensitive frequent itemsets

Sun, Xingzhi og Yu, Philip S. — 2007-08-23T00:00:00Z

Sharing data among organizations often leads to mutual benefit. Recent technology in data mining has enabled efficient extraction of knowledge from large databases. This, however, increases risks of disclosing the sensitive knowledge when the database is released to other parties. To address this privacy issue, one may sanitize the original database so that the sensitive knowledge is hidden. The challenge is to minimize the side effect on the quality of the sanitized database so that nonsensitive knowledge can still be mined. In this paper, we study such a problem in the context of hiding sensitive frequent itemsets by judiciously modifying the transactions in the database. To preserve the non-sensitive frequent itemsets, we propose a border-based approach to efficiently evaluate the impact of any modification to the database during the hiding process. The quality of database can be well maintained by greedily selecting the modifications with minimal side effect. Experiments results are also reported to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. © 2005 IEEE

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and the burden of stroke

Thrift, Amanda G. og Hayman, Noel — 2008-02-18T17:28:26Z

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples comprise about 2.4% of the Australian population. There is little information about stroke among these groups of people. Most information comes from national mortality and hospital morbidity data, and population-based surveys of risk factors. Hospitalisations for stroke among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are 1-2-fold that of non-indigenous males and 1.9-fold that of non-indigenous females. Similarly, deaths from stroke are greater among Indigenous Australians, being approximately double that of non-Indigenous Australians. The disparity in stroke deaths is greatest among younger individuals. Differences in hospitalisations and mortality from stroke can be attributed to both a greater prevalence of modifiable risk factors for stroke among the Indigenous population and poorer access to acute care services. Access to appropriate primary health care is also problematic for many Indigenous Australians, mainly because of their distance from health services and lack of available transport. Stroke and its risk factors are common among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Adopting national and state strategy actions, such as providing a comprehensive primary health care program and increased training and support for health care providers, is urgently needed to reduce the incidence of stroke in these groups. However, continued efforts across the health care sector are required to ensure stroke reduction in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Unit Annual Report 2005

2007-03-07T00:00:00Z

Welcome to the 2005 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Unit Annual Report. This report is a brief summary of Unit activities during the 2005 calendar year. The Unit provides personal and academic support for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students and specifically aims to increase the recruitment, retention, academic performance and graduation rates of Indigenous students. The Unit also administers schemes to help Indigenous students gain access to, and receive support in, tertiary studies such as the Alternative Entry scheme and the federally-funded Indigenous Tutorial Assistance Scheme (ITAS). The Unit is also the focus for teaching and research in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies at the University of Queensland.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Unit Annual Report 2003

2007-03-07T00:00:00Z

Welcome to the 2003 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Unit Annual Report. This report is a brief summary of Unit activities during the 2003 calendar year. The Unit provides personal and academic support for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students and specifically aims to increase the recruitment, retention, academic performance and graduation rates of Indigenous students. The Unit also administers schemes to help Indigenous students gain access to, and receive support in, tertiary studies such as the Alternative Entry scheme and the federally funded Aboriginal Tutorial Assistance Scheme (ATAS). The Unit is also the focus for teaching and research in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies at the University of Queensland.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Unit Annual Report

2007-03-07T00:00:00Z

Welcome to the 2002 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Unit Annual Report. This report is a brief summary of Unit activities during the 2002 calendar year. The Unit provides personal and academic support for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students and specifically aims to increase the recruitment, retention, academic performance and graduation rates of Indigenous students. The Unit also administers schemes to help Indigenous students gain access to, and receive support in, tertiary studies such as the Alternative Entry scheme and the federally funded Aboriginal Tutorial Assistance Scheme (ATAS). The Unit is also the focus for teaching and research in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies at the University of Queensland.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Unit Annual Report 2004

2007-08-23T00:00:00Z

Aboriginal art - it's a white thing: Framing whiteness

Nicoll, F. J. — 2007-08-14T00:00:00Z

Aboriginal art out of context

Butler, Rex — 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

Aboriginal art out of context

Butler, R. W. — 2007-08-14T00:00:00Z

Aboriginal child mortality in Australia: Recent levels and covariates

Kinfu, Yohannes — 2010-04-09T00:00:00Z

Aboriginal employment at Century mine

2007-08-23T00:00:00Z

Aboriginal engravings in the south-west of Western Australia: Analysis of the Kybra site

Franklin, Natalie Robyn — 2009-01-22T13:47:09Z

Aboriginal health workers and diabetes care in remote community health centres: A mixed method analysis

2010-01-08T08:56:21Z

Objective: To assess the effect of employing Aboriginal health workers (AHWs) on delivery of diabetes care in remote community health centres, and to identify barriers related to AHWs’ involvement in diabetes and other chronic illness care. Design, setting and participants: Three-year follow-up study of 137 Aboriginal people with type 2 diabetes in seven remote community health centres in the Northern Territory. Main outcome measures: Delivery of guideline-scheduled diabetes services; intermediate outcomes (glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] and blood pressure levels); number and sex of AHWs at health centres over time; barriers to AHWs’ involvement in chronic illness care. Results: There was a positive relationship between the number of AHWs per 1000 residents and delivery of guideline-scheduled diabetes services (but not intermediate health outcomes). Presence of male AHWs was associated with higher adherence to the guidelines. Barriers to AHWs’ involvement in chronic illness care included inadequate training, lack of clear role divisions, lack of stable relationships with non-Aboriginal staff, and high demands for acute care. Conclusions: Employing AHWs is independently associated with improved diabetes care in remote communities. AHWs have potentially important roles to play in chronic illness care, and service managers need to clearly define and support these roles.

Aboriginal Mobility and the Sustainability of communities: Case studies from north-west Queensland and eastern Northern Territory

Long, Stephen og Memmott, Paul — 2008-04-21T00:00:00Z

Aboriginal self-determination in Australia - The effects of minority-majority frames and target universalism on majority collective guilt and compensation attitudes

2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

In the context of Aboriginal-Anglo Australian relations, we tested the effect of framing (multiculturalism versus separatism) and majority group members' social values (universalism) on the persuasiveness of Aboriginal group rhetoric, majority collective guilt, attitudes toward compensation, and reparations for Aboriginals. As predicted, Anglo Australians who are low on universalism report more collective guilt when presented with a multiculturalist than a separatist Aboriginal frame, whereas those high on universalism report high levels of guilt independent of frame. The same pattern was predicted and found for the persuasiveness of the rhetoric and attitudes toward compensation. Our data suggest that (a) for individuals low in universalism, framing produces attitudes consonant with compensation because it produces collective guilt and (b) the reason that universalists are more in favor of compensation and reparation is because of high collective guilt. We discuss the strategic use of language to create power through the manipulation of collective guilt in political contexts.

Abortion as personal experience in Chinese women's fiction: The 'Alienated Maternal Body' in Lu Xing'er's The Sun is Not Out Today

Roberts, R. A. — 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

A bounded emotionality perspective on interpersonal behavior in organizations

Ashkanasy, Neal M. og Zerbe, Wilfred J. — 2007-08-14T00:00:00Z

A bounded emotionality perspective on organizational change and culture

Ashkanasy, N. M. og Hartel, C. E. J. — 2007-08-14T00:00:00Z

A bounded emotionality perspective on the individual in the organization

2007-08-14T00:00:00Z

About this manual

2007-08-14T00:00:00Z

About to be caught short? Interview by Fiona Cassie

2009-12-21T00:00:00Z

Above ground (Karak): For two percussion, string quartet and piano

Davidson, Robert — 2010-02-22T00:00:00Z

A brain bank for Sri Lanka

2010-01-04T00:00:00Z

Our ageing population has a high prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious diseases of the nervous system are emerging in Asia. Extrapolation from animal research to humans has the disadvantage of species differences in anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and genetics. The systematic collection and cryopreservation of human brains at autopsy in "brain banks" is a useful resource. Standardised protocols for brain retrieval, dissection, cryopreservation, and distribution have been established. Brain bank networks in the USA and Europe facilitate data and specimen exchange, and make high quality tissue available. The Sri Lankan population has distinctive demographic and ethnic features which may modulate the presentation of neurological disorders. Life expectancy of 74.1 years is the highest in the region. The over-60 population (currently 9.6%) is expected to increase rapidly to reach 13% in 2010 and 21% in 2025. To develop effective management strategies, it is essential to have baseline scientific data on nervous system disorders. Due to its cultural and religious practices, Sri Lanka is in a unique position to obtain brain tissue for research

Abrasive flow polishing of micro bores

2008-01-25T00:00:00Z

Micro bore finishing for metal and ceramic materials has been a challenge in the manufacturing industry. Unfortunately, little is understood about how to polish a micro bore and how to assess its inner wall quality because it is difficult to access the micro bore for either polishing or measurement. This article reports on a feasibility study of the abrasive flow polishing of micro bores of 260 similar to 500-mum diameters and 25 similar to 50 length/diameter ratios for both metal and ceramic materials. An abrasive flow polishing machine was designed and built with turbulent flow characteristics. Polishing of steel S45C bores of 400- and 500-mum diameters, stainless steel 304 bores of 500-mum diameter, and zirconia bores of 260-mum diameter was conducted. Surface roughness and topography of the polished inner walls of micro bores were characterized using profilometry and optical interferometry from the three-dimensional point of view. Significant reduction in surface roughness of the micro bore inner walls has been made in the polishing processes. The results indicate that it is feasible to apply the abrasive flow polishing technology for metal and ceramic micro bores of diameters of 260 mum or larger and the length/diameter ratios of 25 or higher. It is found that surface roughness of the polished micro bore inner walls decreases with an increase of the abrasive flow passes.

A briefe and short instruction of the art of musicke by Elway Bevin

Collins, Denis B. og Bevin, Elway — 2008-05-01T00:00:00Z

A Brief History of Critique in Australian Legal Education

James, N. J. — 2008-06-10T00:00:00Z

A brief history of monkey business

Suddendorf, T. — 2007-08-14T00:00:00Z

A brief history of the University of Queensland Library

East, John W. — 2007-08-10T12:44:23Z

A brief intervention for comorbidity of substance abuse and mental disorder

2007-08-13T00:00:00Z

A brief motivational intervention for substance misuse in recent-onset psychosis

2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

Substance misuse is common in early psychosis, and impacts negatively on outcomes. Little is known about effective interventions for this population. We report a pilot study of brief intervention for substance misuse in early psychosis ( Start Over and Survive: SOS), comparing it with Standard Care(SC). Twenty-five in-patients aged 18 - 35 years with early psychosis and current misuse of non-opioid drugs were allocated randomly to conditions. Substance use and related problems were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks and 3, 6 and 12 months. Final assessments were blind to condition. All 13 SOS participants who proceeded to motivational interviewing reported less substance use at 6 months, compared with 58% (7/12) in SC alone. Effects were well maintained to 12 months. However, more SOS participants lived with a relative or partner, and this also was associated with better outcomes. Engagement remained challenging: 39% (16/41) declined participation and 38% (5/13) in SOS only received rapport building. Further research will increase sample size, and address both engagement and potential confounds.

A brief on school-linked mental health services

Lawson, H. — 2009-03-09T00:00:00Z

A brief overview of power quality with special focus on voltage variation and unbalance

2009-12-16T00:00:00Z

A brief primer on Good Samaritan law for health care professionals

Gulam, Hyder og Devereux, John — 2008-04-07T00:00:00Z

The Good Samaritan law is not found on the statute books, but has been a concept that courts have applied as public policy. However, this has recently changed in all the states and territories in Australia with the codification of Good Samaritan law. This paper is a timely reminder for health practitioners of the doctrine of the Good Samaritan, as well as the relative legal uncertainty of rescue at common law.

A Broader View of Renal Disease: Findings in Aboriginal Australia

2009-03-11T00:00:00Z

A broad framework for the exploration of South China Sea hydrocarbon deposits in the context of the Trans-ASEAN gas pipeline

Flynn, C. — 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

Proposals to interconnect the existing gas infrastructure of ASEAN states by a Trans-ASEAN Gas Pipeline carry potential for increased economic development, efficiency and improved energy security in South East Asia - plans to expand the Trans-ASEAN Gas Pipeline to remote hydrocarbon deposits in the South China Sea is subject to contradicting claims of sovereignty by several nations - recent developments in the relationship between ASEAN and China indicate that an interim arrangement is possible, holding great potential to be economically, socially and politically beneficial to the entire region.

A broad-scale analysis of links between coastal fisheries production and mangrove extent: A case-study for northeastern Australia

2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

The paradigm that mangroves are critical for sustaining production in coastal fisheries is widely accepted, but empirical evidence has been tenuous. This study showed that links between mangrove extent and coastal fisheries production could be detected for some species at a broad regional scale (1000s of kilometres) on the east coast of Queensland, Australia. The relationships between catch-per-unit-effort for different commercially caught species in four fisheries (trawl, line, net and pot fisheries) and mangrove characteristics, estimated from Landsat images were examined using multiple regression analyses. The species were categorised into three groups based on information on their life history characteristics, namely mangrove-related species (banana prawns Penaeus merguiensis, mud crabs Scylla serrata and barramundi Lates calcarifer), estuarine species (tiger prawns Penaeus esculentus and Penaeus semisulcatus, blue swimmer crabs Portunus pelagicus and blue threadfin Eleutheronema tetradactylum) and offshore species (coral trout Plectropomus spp.). For the mangrove-related species, mangrove characteristics such as area and perimeter accounted for most of the variation in the model; for the non-mangrove estuarine species, latitude was the dominant parameter but some mangrove characteristics (e.g. mangrove perimeter) also made significant contributions to the models. In contrast, for the offshore species, latitude was the dominant variable, with no contribution from mangrove characteristics. This study also identified that finer scale spatial data for the fisheries, to enable catch information to be attributed to a particular catchment, would help to improve our understanding of relationships between mangroves and fisheries production. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A broad spectrum, one-step reverse-transcription PCR amplification of the neuraminidase gene from multiple subtypes of influenza A virus

2009-09-03T00:00:00Z

A brush with the architect: On the reception of Le Corbusier's art in Australia 1953

Moulis, Antony — 2006-09-21T00:00:00Z

Abscisic acid analogue effects on the vase life and leaf crisping of cut Baccara roses

Pompodakis, NE og Joyce, DC — 2007-10-17T00:00:00Z

The plant growth regulator abscisic acid induces stomatal closure, which can reduce transpiration rate and extend vase life of cut flowers by maintaining a positive water balance. Analytical-reagent grade abscisic acid is, however, expensive. In this work, the effects of 2 potentially inexpensive synthetic analogues of abscisic acid were studied as to their effects on cut Baccara roses. Abscisic acid and its analogues PBI-365 and PBI-429 reduced transpiration and helped to increase fresh weight during the first few days of vase life. However, the reduction in transpiration rate brought about by abscisic acid and the analogues did not alter vase life. Sucrose in the vase solution at concentrations of 2 and 4% increased vase life of cut Baccara roses. However, the highest sucrose concentration ( 4%) caused leaf crisping, thereby reducing the quality of the flower stems. Abscisic acid and the analogue PBI-365 reduced this phytotoxicity by induction of stomatal closure and reduction of vase solution sucrose flux into the leaves.

Absence of an increase in the soleus H-reflex with increasing voluntary drive during shortening contractions in man

Oya, T. og Cresswell, A — 2007-08-23T00:00:00Z

Absence of fetal cell microchimerism in cutaneous lesions of lupus erythematosus

2009-11-17T00:00:00Z

Fetal cell microchimerism develops in all human pregnancies and has been associated with autoimmune diseases such as systemic sclerosis. It has been suggested that these disorders may be the consequence of an immune reaction between fetal and maternal cells in women after pregnancy. More recently, results from our laboratory suggest that microchimeric cells of fetal origin may differentiate into thyrocytes or hepatocytes in thyroid and liver specimens from women with non-autoimmune diseases. We therefore developed an alternative hypothesis suggesting that microchimeric stem cells may have the ability to participate in the maternal response to tissue injury.

Absence of Juristic Reason in the Supreme Court of Canada (Pacific National Investments v Victoria)

Grantham, R. B. — 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z

Absolute and relative abundance estimates of Australian east coast humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)

Noad, M. J. og Paton, D. A. og Cato, D. H. — 2009-04-09T00:00:00Z

Absolute and relative abundance estimates of Australian east cost humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)

Noad, M. J. og Cato, D. H. og Paton, D. — 2007-08-14T00:00:00Z

The humpback whales that migrate along the east coast of Australia were hunted to near-extinction in the 1950s and early 1960s. Two independent series of land-based surveys conducted over the last 25 years during the whales’ northward migration along the Australian coastline have demonstrated a rapid increase in the size of the population. In 2004 we conducted a survey of the migratory population as a continuation of these series of surveys. Two methods of data analysis were used in line with the previous surveys, both for calculation of absolute and relative abundance. We consider the best estimates for 2004 to be 7,090 ± 660 (95% CI) whales with an annual rate of increase of 10.6 ± 0.5% (95% CI) for 1987 – 2004. The rate of increase agrees with those previously obtained for this population and demonstrates the continuation of a strong post-exploitation recovery. While there are still some uncertainties concerning the absolute abundance estimate and structure of this population, the rate of annual increase should be independent of these and highly robust.

Absolutely public, public absolutely

Keniger, M. D. — 2010-04-12T00:00:00Z

Absorbable deslorelin implants (Ovuplant (R)) prolong postpartum anestrus in early ovulating dairy cows

2007-10-17T00:00:00Z

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the use of a bioabsorbable implant of the GnRH agonist deslorelin to temporarily delay the resumption of postpartum ovulatory cycles in Holstein cows. In Experiment 1, recently calved cows were paired and received either a single implant (Ovuplant(R); Peptech Animal Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia) within 48 h of parturition (OVP; n = 17), or remained as untreated controls (CON; n = 17). Blood samples were collected for plasma progesterone assay three times weekly for 6 weeks to profile the pattern of resumption of ovulatory cycles. In Experiment 2, there were 15 CON and 15 OVP cows initially treated as for Experiment 1 as well as 15 OVP + SYNCH cows. Each cow in the CON and OVP + SYNCH groups received a progesterone vaginal insert (CIDR(R); Genetics Australia, Bacchus Marsh, Vic., Australia) for 7 days at 23 days postpartum (23 dpp) to synchronise estrus in cycling animals or to induce an ovulation with estrus in anestrus animals. Blood samples were collected weekly until removal of the CIDR insert, and then twice weekly until 56 dpp to monitor plasma P4 for retrospective determination of ovulation. Milk yield was monitored by twice daily electronic volume measurements and milk composition with once weekly milk composition analysis. In Experiment 1, CON cows began ovulating from 9 dpp; 15 of 17 had ovulated by the end of blood sampling at 42 dpp. None of the OVP cows ovulated until at least 24 dpp, and only 6 of 17 had ovulated by 42 dpp. The average day of first ovulation was extended from 22.4 +/- 2.7 dpp to 39.3 +/- 2.7 dpp (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, ovulation had occurred in 8 of 15 CON cows at the time of CIDR insertion (23 dpp), 0 of 15 OVP cows and 1 of 15 OVP + SYNCH cows. By 40 dpp (or 10 days following removal of the CIDR insert) every CON cow (15/15) had ovulated, but only 2 of 15 OVP + SYNCH cows and 1 of 15 OVP cows. None of these effects of treatment was associated with any changes in milk yield or composition in either experiment. In conclusion, inserting a bioabsorbable implant of deslorelin within 48 h postpartum extended the interval to first ovulation to at least 24 dpp in 46 of 47 cows. Recovery periods were highly variable. This variability was not reduced by using a form of intravaginal progesterone supplementation that did produce a synchronised estrus with ovulation in anestrus animals that had not been treated with deslorelin. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Absorption and dispersion by a multiple driven two-level atom

2007-08-14T00:00:00Z

We investigate the absorption and dispersion properties of a two-level atom driven by a polychromatic field. The driving field is composed of a strong resonant (carrier) frequency component and a large number of symmetrically detuned sideband fields (modulators). A rapid increase in the absorption at the central frequency and the collapse of the response of the system from multiple frequencies to a single frequency are predicted to occur when the Rabi frequency of the modulating fields is equal to the Rabi frequency of the carrier field. These are manifestations of the undressing or a disentanglement of the atomic and driving field states, that leads to a collapse of the atom to its ground state. Our calculation permits consideration of the question of the undressing of the driven atom by a multiple-modulated field and the predicted spectra offer a method of observing undressing. Moreover, we find that the absorption and dispersion spectra split into multiplets whose structures depend on the Rabi frequency of the modulating fields. The spectral features can jump between different resonance frequencies by changing the Rabi frequency of the modulating fields or their initial phases, which can have potential applications as a quantum frequency filter.