http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/ The University of Queensland en Fez http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:271239 2012-03-22T00:00:00Z Treas, Judith og Tai, Tsui-O http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:160186 With increasing focus on the place of women in development by multilateral agencies, donor countries and non-governmental organisations, various strategies of intervention are employed. One such intervention results in poor illiterate women in Orissa, redefining their position in contrast to the dominant discourses and gender ideology of state, religion and economy, to over come culturally enshrined powerlessness. From the observation of the work of the People's Rural Education Movement (PREM), and the women's organisations and credit unions they support and foster it is clear that such women's groups are appropriately understood as feminist in that they have claimed the right to speak for themselves (and those with whom they are attempting to change the social order); conceptualised an alternative social order and defined for themselves alternative social, political and economic activities within it; are challenging the mass of constructed ideas, values and myths around their gender; and are also challenging the social construction of male-female dualism and the ways in which it is reinforced. Their activities are considered in terms of Kristeva's three tiers of feminist thought: liberal feminism, radical feminism and symbolic-order post-structural feminism. Copyright © 2002 by SAGE Publications 2009-01-08T00:00:00Z Everingham, Jo-Anne http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:172832 2009-03-31T00:00:00Z Wallington, Tabatha J. og Lawrence, Geoffrey http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:174534 2009-04-08T00:00:00Z Haynes, Kingsley E. og Stimson, Robert J. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:164134 2009-02-12T00:00:00Z Cukier, N. og Conley, T. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:253649 Social research has long recognised that many social problems can be reduced through preventative programs. While governments cannot reasonably counter or reverse all the negative outcomes experienced by every citizen, the rationale of the ‘prevention’ approach is to anticipate and mitigate the likelihood of negative outcomes. Special relevance for the prevention approach has been claimed for the field of child and youth well-being. The policy intention is both to enhance the developmental well-being of children and young people, and to lessen the social and economic burden of dealing with the serious consequences of poor health, low skills, poverty, and anti-social behaviour later in the life cycle. However, the design and implementation of prevention programs has tended to be ‘top-down’, with little consultation with target groups (including children) and little debate on the values framework within which prevention programs operate. This paper discusses both technical and theoretical critiques of prevention approaches, and argues for the need to develop new approaches to overcome them. 2011-09-29T00:00:00Z Head, Brian W. og Redmond, Gerry http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:227113 2011-01-25T00:00:00Z http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:227112 2011-01-25T00:00:00Z Hughes, Bryn og Hunt, Charles http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:283184 2012-10-12T00:00:00Z Ferris, Jason http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:253057 Managers' careers and career orientations have changed significantly since the era of organizational change that began around 20-30 years ago. This article focuses on how managers have responded to these changes. It suggests a significant change in the kinds of' capital' that managers mobilize, and the uses to which they put it, At least some managers now mobilize a form of' social capital' in the form of reputations that are grounded in informal networks. However, this reputational capital can be difficult to stabilise and therefore risky to hold. Managers therefore attempt to convert it into wealth - economic capital. The article illustrates these arguments using interview data from a longitudinal study of Australian managers. 2011-09-23T00:00:00Z Martin, Bill http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:243384 2011-07-07T00:00:00Z Mazerolle, Lorraine og Rogan, Dennis og Frank, James og Famega, Christine og Eck, John http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:243376 Contemporary police practice advocates the importance of proactive policing activities. Proactive policing reforms emphasize selfinitiated tasks during unassigned patrol time and directed activities based on supervisor review of crime analysis and problem identification. Our study analyzes data from systematic social observations of police patrol officers to examine how officers spent their discretionary time. We find that, on average, over three quarters of a patrol officers shift is unassigned. During this time, officers primarily selfinitiate routine patrol, or back up other officers on calls to which they were not dispatched. Just 6 percent of unassigned time activities are directed by supervising officers, dispatchers, other officers or citizens. Moreover, directives provided by supervisors are vague, general in form, and do not operationalize problemoriented policing, communityoriented policing, or proactive policing strategies. We conclude that first, a very significant proportion of patrol officer time is spent uncommitted that could be better utilized doing proactive, problemoriented policing activities, and second, supervisors need to provide patrol officers with much more detailed directives, based on sound crime analysis, to help capitalize on the underutilization of patrol officer time. 2011-07-07T00:00:00Z Famega, Christine N. og Frank, James og Mazerolle, Lorraine http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:228708 There are many reasons for organisations to introduce work-life balance measures, from socially responsible motives to socially responsive motives. This paper explores recent initiatives in the Queensland public service. It finds that the already extensive work-life balance framework is being deliberately expanded, with the motivation to compete as an employer of choice in a tightening labour market. Policies include earlier approaches of parental leave and flexible working hours, and newer initiatives such as reasonable working hours and more flexible access to leave. The policy ‘targets’ have also expanded, from a work and family focus to a work-life balance focus, as part of the effort to increase workforce participation. It concludes that, while significant effort is being dedicated to the development of policies at a central level, equal effort is required to ensure that these policies are well-publicised and that employees feel comfortable accessing them. This requires both cultural changes within the organisation, as well as changes to the broader environment. 2011-02-09T00:00:00Z Colley, Linda http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:287866 2012-12-23T01:14:00Z Mazerolle, Lorraine og Ransley, Janet og Chamlin, Mitch og Mcguffog, Ingrid og Ferris, Jason http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:198376 2010-03-09T00:00:00Z Shyy, Tung-Kai og Stimson, Robert og Chhetri, Prem http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:195506 2010-02-16T00:00:00Z Hewitt, Belinda og Turrell, Gavin og Giskes, Katrina http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:272072 2012-04-02T00:00:00Z Hewitt, Belinda og Turrell, Gavin og Giskes, Katrina http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:238999 In this paper we examine data from the Households, Income and Labor Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey and the British Household Panel Study (BHPS) to investigate the impact of marital status transitions on domestic labor time. Our aim is to first use HILDA and BHPS to identify the joint influence of unobserved factors on marital status transitions and women’s time on domestic labor; second, to determine whether there is a selection effect into and out of relationships for women who do varying amounts of domestic work; and third, to examine whether these patterns are more widespread by comparison with the UK, a country with broadly similar institutional and cultural features to Australia. A simultaneous-equations model is used to jointly examine the relationships between time on domestic labor and marital status transitions to allow for correlation between unobserved partner and person characteristics that impact on each process. Our results show that women who have higher levels of domesticity when single spend more time on housework after marriage, while women who spend less time on housework when married are more likely to separate. Taken together, these results imply a selection effect of certain kinds of women into and out of relationships. 2011-03-25T00:00:00Z Haynes, Michele og Baxter, Janeen og Hewitt, Belinda og Western, Mark http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:194493 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z Hewitt, Belinda http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:199191 2010-03-15T00:00:00Z Hewitt, Belinda A. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:158353 This thesis investigates the social determinants of marriage breakdown in Australia. Research shows that a number of social characteristics including, birth cohort, ethnic background, parental divorce, family socioeconomic background, cohabitation, religiosity, premarital birth, early birth, marital children and education are associated with marriage breakdown. Using retrospective data on 8,993 first marriages from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey (2001), a large nationally representative Australian population survey, this study aims to develop our knowledge of gender differences in the social correlates of marriage breakdown and in particular to better understand why women are more likely than men to initiate separation. I do this in two ways. First, I use discrete time event history analysis to examine differences in the associations between men’s and women’s social characteristics and the probability of marriage breakdown. Overall these results suggest that social characteristics are important factors in predicting marriage breakdown. I find gender differences in the associations between age at marriage, ethnic background and education showing these characteristics have a stronger association with the probability of marriage breakdown for women than men. This may be because women are more likely to initiate separation. Second, I use discrete time event history analysis with competing risks to examine the associations between men’s and women’s social characteristics and their reports of which spouse initiated separation. Instead of treating marriage breakdown as a uniform event I investigate whether separation was initiated by the wife, husband or jointly. This issue has received little attention in the literature to date. My results suggest some differences in the associations between parental divorce, age at marriage, ethnic background, religiosity, and the presence of preschool and older children and whether wives or husbands initiated separation. All of these characteristics with the exception of the presence of preschool children increase the risk of wife-initiated separation, but overall there are few differences between wifeinitiated and husband-initiated separations and when there are significant differences it is usually in the magnitude of the effect rather than in the direction of the association. The main gender difference I find is that wives are more likely than husbands to initiate separation on the basis of their husbands’ as well as their own social characteristics. Overall, the findings of this thesis suggest three main conclusions. First, that sociostructural factors are important for understanding why some marriages break down and others remain intact. Second, wives are more likely to initiate marital separation than husbands. And third, while some gender differences in the social correlates of which spouse initiated separation are present, in general men and women tend to end their marriages under similar circumstances. It is likely that more wives initiate separation than husbands because women tend to take greater responsibility for the quality and maintenance of marital relationships which paradoxically entails ending an unhappy marriage in some circumstances. Investigating this issue further was outside the scope of this study and represents an important direction for future research. 2008-11-21T00:00:00Z Hewitt, Belinda Anne http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:196827 The elderly population in Australia is witnessing an increase in the number and proportion of separated and divorced people and a decline in the proportion who are married. This shift may have implications for health and aged care spending over the next few decades as previous (mainly overseas) research has shown that the non-married have poorer health than the married. We examine the association between marital status and self reported general health in a population sample of Australian men and women aged 60 and over. Our results show a strong association between marital status and health among elderly women, where the divorced, widowed, and never married report better health than the married. Separated elderly women, however, reported poorer health than married women. We argue that, based on our findings, separated women may represent an important target group for policy intervention. By contrast our study only found a weak association between marital status and health among elderly men. 2010-02-26T00:00:00Z Hewitt, Belinda og Turrell, Gavin og Baxter, Janeen og Western, Mark http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:198533 This paper investigates changes in perceptions of housework fairness as men and women transition from cohabitation to marriage and into parenthood. Our previous research has found that women’s time on housework increases after marriage and the birth of children, whereas men’s time on housework remains the same or decreases slightly with these life course transitions. There is also considerable evidence from previous research that women tend to report that housework divisions are fair even though they undertake the bulk of this work. We use 4 waves of data from the Negotiating the Life Course study to investigate how men’s and women’s perceptions of housework fairness change in relation to marital status and parenthood transitions. We first present descriptive data on perceptions of housework fairness for men and women and then report the results of a random effects model predicting fairness perceptions controlling for time spent on housework and other key variables. Our analyses enable comparisons of perception of fairness for men and women across family type, but also shows how perceptions change in relation to life course transitions. 2010-03-10T00:00:00Z Baxter, J. og Haynes, M. og Hewitt, B. og Western, M. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:197234 2010-03-01T00:00:00Z Stimson, R. og Stough, R. og Aroca, P. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:247371 2011-09-06T00:00:00Z Weisburd, David og Mazerolle, Lorraine Green http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:196482 2010-02-24T00:00:00Z Stimson, Robert og Robson, Alistair og Shyy, Tung-Kai http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:237380 2011-03-18T00:00:00Z Boreham, Paul R. og Povey, Jenny http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:228933 Many model-based investigation techniques, such as sensitivity analysis, optimization, and statistical inference, require a large number of model evaluations to be performed at different input and/or parameter values. This limits the application of these techniques to models that can be implemented in computationally efficient computer codes. Emulators, by providing efficient interpolation between outputs of deterministic simulation models, can considerably extend the field of applicability of such computationally demanding techniques. So far, the dominant techniques for developing emulators have been priors in the form of Gaussian stochastic processes (GASP) that were conditioned with a design data set of inputs and corresponding model outputs. In the context of dynamic models, this approach has two essential disadvantages: (i) these emulators do not consider our knowledge of the structure of the model, and (ii) they run into numerical difficulties if there are a large number of closely spaced input points as is often the case in the time dimension of dynamic models. To address both of these problems, a new concept of developing emulators for dynamic models is proposed. This concept is based on a prior that combines a simplified linear state space model of the temporal evolution of the dynamic model with Gaussian stochastic processes for the innovation terms as functions of model parameters and/or inputs. These innovation terms are intended to correct the error of the linear model at each output step. Conditioning this prior to the design data set is done by Kalman smoothing. This leads to an efficient emulator that, due to the consideration of our knowledge about dominant mechanisms built into the simulation model, can be expected to outperform purely statistical emulators at least in cases in which the design data set is small. The feasibility and potential difficulties of the proposed approach are demonstrated by the application to a simple hydrological model. © 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. 2011-02-11T00:00:00Z Reichert, P. og White, G. og Bayarri, M. J. og Pitman, E. B. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:273235 2012-04-26T00:00:00Z Hansen, Robert og Bates, Lyndel http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:160115 2009-01-08T00:00:00Z Hardy, Samantha http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:195746 The aim of this research project was to assess the use and effectiveness of mediation disputes filed in the Supreme and County Courts of Victoria, Australia. The report assesses the use and effectiveness of mediation in the Supreme and County Courts. In summary, the report found that mostly mediation meets identified objectives. Many disputants and representatives were supportive of mediation processes and felt that the outcomes were mutually beneficial. The report found that there are significant estimated costs savings for disputants where mediation processes are utilised. Professor Sourdin identified specific areas for improvement, including: improving the quality of mediation processes by supporting excellence in mediation standards; the need for training and accreditation of mediators; the need in appropriate cases for earlier and more targeted referral to mediation by the courts; identifying and addressing the needs of special groups including self-represented litigants and disputants from regional Victoria; addressing the lack of demographic data on dispute resolution processes; and the development of a quality framework to be implemented to enhance the quality of mediation services. 2010-02-18T00:00:00Z Sourdin, Tania http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:194223 2010-01-29T00:00:00Z Sourdin, Tania http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:196375 2010-02-23T00:00:00Z Sourdin, Tania og Balvin, Nikola http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:193358 2010-01-20T00:00:00Z Igreja, Victor http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:193485 2010-01-21T00:00:00Z Igreja, V. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:256565 2011-10-18T00:00:00Z Colley, Linda http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:238996 This session examines best practice standards associated with managing and archiving longitudinal data. The data structure of longitudinal studies is more complex than for one-dimensional study designs and therefore new issues typically arise with the process of data management, archiving and analysis. There are a number of different types of longitudinal studies now in existence, including but not limited to: - panel surveys following a cohort of individuals - panel surveys following a random population sample of individuals over a period of time - repeated cross-sectional surveys with a different cross-section of individuals sampled at each time point. Five major longitudinal panel studies are currently archived at the Australian Social Science Data Archive, and there is increasing demand to archive data from regional and national longitudinal surveys, as well as repeated cross-sectional data such as Australian election campaigns. The presentations in this session will examine archiving practices associated with the different stages of longitudinal data archiving, including: - Archiving cross-sectional time series data (Leanne den Hartog) - Archiving longitudinal panel data (Steven McEachern) - Visualisation of longitudinal panel data (Kevin Pulo) 2011-03-25T00:00:00Z McEachern, Steven og Spallek, Melanie og Haynes, Michele og Western, Mark http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:197344 2010-03-02T00:00:00Z Haynes, M. og Baxter, J. og Hewitt, B. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:273118 2012-04-23T22:12:53Z Burton, Nicola W. og Haynes, Michele og van Uffelen, Jannique G.Z. og Brown, Wendy J. og Turrell, Gavin http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:81980 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z Boege, V H http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:283201 2012-10-12T00:00:00Z Ferris, Jason A. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:81942 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z De Ishtar, Z http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:273227 Policy decisions are frequently influenced by more than research results alone. This review examines one road safety countermeasure, graduated driver licensing, in three jurisdictions and identifies how the conflict between mobility and safety goals can influence policy decisions relating to this countermeasure. Evaluations from around the world of graduated driver licensing have demonstrated clear reductions in crashes for young drivers. However, the introduction of this countermeasure may be affected, both positively and negatively, by the conflict some policy makers experience between ensuring individuals remain both mobile and safe as drivers. This review highlights how this conflict in policy decision making can serve to either facilitate or hinder the introduction of graduated driver licensing systems. However, policy makers whose focus on mobility is too strong when compared with safety may be mistaken, with evidence suggesting that after a graduated driver licensing system is introduced young drivers adapt their behaviour to the new system and remain mobile. As a result, policy makers should consciously acknowledge the conflict between mobility and safety and consider an appropriate balance in order to introduce these systems. Improvements to the licensing system can then be made in an incremental manner as the balance between these two priorities change. Policy makers can achieve an appropriate balance by using empirical evidence as a basis for their decisions. 2012-04-26T00:00:00Z Bates, Lyndel og Watson, Barry og King, Mark http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:249978 2011-09-10T00:00:00Z Gary LaFree og Lorraine Mazerolle og Rebecca Denning og Erin Miller og Gentry White og Sue Ming Yang http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:198776 2010-03-11T00:00:00Z Riseley, K. og Shyy, T.-K. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:198920 2010-03-12T00:00:00Z Stimson, R. og Chhetri, P. og Shyy, T.-K. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:197329 2010-03-02T00:00:00Z Stimson, R. og Robson, A. og Shyy, T.-K. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:194050 2010-01-28T00:00:00Z Stimson, R. J. og Robson, A. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:199869 This article explores the relationships between the characteristics of urban social spaces and the housing market reflected in terms of housing price differential. Using the technqieus of sptial autocorrelation and multivariate analysis, this article examines the spatial patterns of house price varions and the role of the underlying geography of urban spaces in discriminating housing markets across the Brisbane metropolitan area. 2010-03-18T00:00:00Z Chhetri, Prem og Hoon Han, Jung og Corcoran, Jonathan http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:197283 A spatially weighted regression approach is used to model the determinants of spatial differentials in endogenous regional employment growth and decline across nonmetropolitan Local Government Areas in Australia over the decade 1996-2006. The differential or regional component derived from a shift-share analysis of employment change across industry sectors, standardised by size of the regional labour force, is used as the dependent variable. Independent or explanatory variables used n the modelling are surrogate measures – both static and dynamic - relating to a region’s industrial and occupational structure and industry specialisation, population size and growth, human capital characteristics, social capital, creative capital, and a set of locational proxies. Implications of the findings for regional policy are discussed. 2010-03-02T00:00:00Z Stimson, Robert og Robson, Alistair og Shyy, Tung-Kai