2009 Higher Education Research Data Collection - UQ eSpace

整合: 网络媒体与传统媒体

Liu, Shuang og Wu, Qiangian — 2009-03-04T11:14:55Z

語言民族主義:歐洲與中國

陳平 Chen, Ping — 2009-03-31T00:00:00Z

A basis function feature-based approach for skin lesion discrimination in dermatology dermoscopy images

2009-04-02T16:51:39Z

A Bayesian Mixture Model for Estimating Intergeneration Chronic Toxicity

2009-04-07T00:00:00Z

ABC Online: Becoming the ABC

Burns, Maureen — 2009-03-17T00:00:00Z

Aberrant expression of E-cadherin in lobular carcinomas of the breast

2009-03-05T00:00:00Z

AB Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and lobular carcinoma in situ characteristically show loss of E-cadherin expression and so immunohistochemistry for E-cadherin is being increasingly used as a tool to differentiate between lobular and ductal lesions in challenging situations. However, misinterpretation of "aberrant" positive staining may lead some to exclude a diagnosis of lobular carcinoma. E-cadherin and [beta]-catenin immunohistochemistry was analyzed in 25 ILCs. E-cadherin "positive" ILCs were subjected to molecular analysis including comparative genomic hybridization. Different morphologic components of case 25, showing heterogenous E-cadherin expression, were analyzed by E-cadherin gene sequencing, methylation, and DASL gene expression profiling. Four ILCs were positive for E-cadherin, but each also had neoplastic cells with aberrant staining. Two of these ILCs were positive for [beta]-catenin, again with some aberrantly stained neoplastic cells, and 2 were negative. The solid component of case 25 was positive for E-cadherin whereas the classic and alveolar areas were negative. All components harbored an in-frame deletion in exon 7 (867del24) of the E-cadherin gene and loss of the wild type allele. Comparative genomic hybridization demonstrated evidence of clonal evolution from E-cadherin-positive to E-cadherin-negative components. E-cadherin down-regulation seems to be through transcriptional repression via activation of transforming growth factor-[beta]/SMAD2 rather than methylation. Positive staining for E-cadherin should not preclude a diagnosis of lobular in favor of ductal carcinoma. Molecular evidence suggests that even when E-cadherin is expressed, the cadherin-catenin complex maybe nonfunctional. Misclassification of tumors may lead to mismanagement of patients in clinical practice, particularly in the context of in situ disease at margins. (C) 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.

Aberrant mucin assembly in mice causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and spontaneous inflammation resembling ulcerative colitis

2009-04-07T00:00:00Z

A BiCG Solution Based Quasi-Static Finite-Difference Scheme for Induced Field Evaluation in MRI

2009-04-12T00:00:00Z

This study presents a biconjugate gradient method (BiCG) that can significantly improve the performance of the quasi-static finite-difference scheme, which has been widely used to model field induction phenomena in voxel phantoms. The proposed BiCG method offers remarkable computational advantages in terms of convergence performance and memory consumption over the conventional iterative, successive over-relaxation algorithm. The wide application capability and computational performance of the BiCG method is demonstrated by modelling the exposures of MRI healthcare workers to fields produced by pulsed field gradients, which is presently an important topic of research in light of the Physical Agents Directive 2004/40/EC

Abnormal NF-kappa B function characterizes human type 1 diabetes dendritic cells and monocytes

2009-03-25T14:50:01Z

Dendritic cell (DC) differentiation is abnormal in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the nature of the relationship between this abnormality and disease pathogenesis is unknown. We studied the LPS response in monocytes and monocyte-derived DCs isolated from T1DM patients and from non-T1DM controls. In T1DM patients, late LPS-mediated nuclear DNA binding by RelA, p50, c-Rel, and RelB was impaired as compared with type 2 DM, rheumatoid arthritis, and healthy subjects, associated with impaired DC CD40 and MHC class I induction but normal cytokine production. In TIDM monocytes, RelA and RelB were constitutively activated, and the src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-1), a negative regulator of NF-{kappa}B, was overexpressed. Addition of sodium stibogluconate, a SHP-1 inhibitor, to DCs differentiating from monocyte precursors restored their capacity to respond to LPS in ~60% of patients. The monocyte and DC NF-{kappa}B response to LPS is thus a novel phenotypic and likely pathogenetic marker for human T1DM. SHP-1 is at least one NF-{kappa}B regulatory mechanism which might be induced as a result of abnormal inflammatory signaling responses in T1DM monocytes.

Abnormal Nuclear pore formation triggers apoptosis in the intestinal epithelium of elys-Deficient zebrafish

2009-04-06T10:14:00Z

Aboriginal Australia: An economic history of failed welfare policy

Davidoff, Laura og Duhs, Alan — 2009-04-19T00:00:00Z

Aboriginal welfare policy of recent decades has been widely rejected as a failure. Radically different policies are now being trialed, in recognition of the continuing large gap between indigenous and non-indigenous living standards. Some Aboriginal leaders themselves have called for a rejection of the passive welfare policies of the past, in acceptance of a Friedman-style critique of ‘money for nothing’ welfare handouts, while nonetheless calling for a Sen-style capabilities approach to the policy needs of the future.

Absence of the 7-Repeat Variant of the DRD4 VNTR Is Associated With Drifting Sustained Attention in Children With ADHD But Not in Controls

2009-03-05T00:00:00Z

Absence of the Transcription Factor Nfib Delays the Formation of the Basilar Pontine and Other Mossy Fiber Nuclei

2009-03-05T16:08:00Z

Abundance and demography of a seasonal aggregation of zebra sharks Stegostoma fasciatum

2009-02-02T12:21:23Z

Seasonal aggregations commonly occur in the marine environment where typically wide-ranging organisms come together to exploit temporary resources or find conspecifics for mating events. The zebra shark Stegostoma fasciatum is a demersal carpet shark that aggregates over the austral summer months in the coastal waters of southeast Queensland, Australia. This study employed photo-identification and mark-recapture methods over a 3 yr period (2003 to 2006) to investigate the population size and structure of this aggregation. In total 327 individual zebra sharks were identified from 570 photographs. Numbered dart-tags on 15 zebra sharks were used to confirm that pigmentation patterns were unique and persistent in wild zebra sharks for up to 810 d. Pollock’s robust design resulted in an annual population estimate of 458 individuals (95% CI = 298–618). The mean number of zebra sharks observed on a single day was 8 (± 8 SE) and the maximum number of zebra sharks seen on a single day was 34. In total, 27% of the sharks were sighted in more than one summer aggregation period and males had greater re-capture probabilities than females. The aggregation consisted exclusively of large (>1800 mm total length) adults with an overall female sex bias of 3.8:1 though sex-ratios varied temporally. Predictable visitation of large, presumably mature individuals to the site raises conservation concerns if aggregations of similar size and structure occur in regions where zebra sharks are fished.

Abundance and distribution of Australian Pelican Pelecanus Conspicillatus in coastal south-east Queensland

Woodall, Peter F. — 2009-03-25T00:00:00Z

A butterfly eye’s view of birds

Frentiu, F. og Briscoe, A.D. — 2009-03-27T00:00:00Z

The striking color patterns of butterflies and birds have long interested biologists. But how these animals see color is less well understood. Opsins are the protein components of the visual pigments of the eye. Color vision has evolved in butterflies through opsin gene duplications, through positive selection at individual opsin loci, and by the use of filtering pigments. By contrast, birds have retained the same opsin complement present in early-jawed vertebrates, and their visual system has diversified primarily through tuning of the short-wavelength-sensitive photoreceptors, rather than by opsin duplication or the use of filtering elements. Butterflies and birds have evolved photoreceptors that might use some of the same amino acid sites for generating similar spectral phenotypes across 540 million years of evolution, when rhabdomeric and ciliary-type opsins radiated during the early Cambrian period. Considering the similarities between the two taxa, it is surprising that the eyes of birds are not more diverse. Additional taxonomic sampling of birds may help clarify this mystery

A Call to Action for Coral Reefs

2009-04-14T00:00:00Z

A canopy architectural model to study the competitive ability of chickpea with sowthistle

2009-04-08T11:34:14Z

Acanthamoeba keratitis cluster: an increase in Acanthamoeba keratitis in Australia

2009-06-15T00:00:00Z

A case for including popular culture in literacy education for young adults with Down syndrome

Moni, K. B. og Jobling, A. — 2009-01-27T17:20:59Z

Popular culture has been part of English and literacy studies in Australia for several years. However, the issue of the inclusion of popular culture in literacy education for young adults with Down syndrome has been marginalised. Using examples of engagement with popular culture by young adults with Down syndrome attending a post-school literacy program, the authors argue that educators need to take note of the role popular culture plays in the lives of these young adults. In the second part of the article, suggestions are given for including popular culture texts in literacy programs for young adults with Down syndrome in the senior years of high school and in post-school settings.

A case of misrepresentation: prosecuting welfare fraud inside and outside the courts

Marston, Gregory J. og Walsh, Tamara K.E. — 2009-04-17T15:05:06Z

A case of near fatal laryngospasm

Jennifer D Paratz og Peter J Thomas — 2009-04-15T00:00:00Z

A Cation-π Interaction in the Binding Site of the Glycine Receptor Is Mediated by a Phenylalanine Residue

2009-03-09T14:48:17Z

Accommodating Shariah Law in Australia's Legal System

A Black — 2009-04-14T00:00:00Z

Accurate tympanometric criteria for Chinese schoolchildren

2008-11-04T00:00:00Z

Methods: A total of 154 Chinese children were recruited from a school in Nanjing, China. Participants ranged between 6 and 13 years of age with both genders equivalently represented. Participants with a history of hearing loss, otological problems, or previous referral to an otolaryngologist, and those with abnormal pneumatic otoscopy or pure tone audiometry results on the day of testing, were excluded from the normal database (N = 125). Tympanometry was performed using a Madsen Zodiac 901 Middle Ear Analyzer. The 90% range of the tympanometry results was used to produce two sets of tympanometric pass/fail criteria (OURPASS and OURPASS2). The test performance of OURPASS, OURPASS2, and two previously established criteria; ASHA [ASHA, Guidelines for audiologic screening, ASHA, Rockville, MD, 1997] and Shahnaz and Davies [N. Shahnaz, D. Davies, Standard and multifrequency tympanometric norms for Caucasian and Chinese young adults, Ear Hear. 27 (2006) 75–90], was determined against the gold standard of pneumatic otoscopy, using signal detection theory. Results: The newly developed OURPASS tympanometric criteria, presented in the current study, possessed superior test performance in the prediction of otitis media with effusion than previously suggested Caucasian pediatric and Chinese adult criteria. An overall accuracy value of 0.68 and a hit rate of 0.79 were obtained. Conclusions: The present study provides strong support for the use of a population-specific criterion for tympanometry testing in Chinese schoolchildren. Changes to the standard pass/fail criterion may be necessary following replication and expansion of the investigation.

Accusation, mitigation and resisting guilt in talk

Fitzgerald, Richard og Austin, Helena — 2009-04-13T00:00:00Z

A central dilemma in the mental health sector: Structural imbalance

2009-03-17T00:00:00Z

Mental health services provision is persistently criticised regarding resource inadequacy. Services are also subject to another dilemma, “structural imbalance”. This study demonstrates the dimensions of structural imbalance in Australia's mental health sector by recourse to the 1997 Australian Bureau of Statistics national survey of mental health and wellbeing. This study also examines the concept by reference to the Australian Government's announced COAG initiatives (April 2006), and State government responses (July 2006). The two dimensions of structural imbalance are, first, that some people with no clinical mental illness consume mental health services and, second, that other people have clinical manifestations of mental illness and (for various reasons) do not consume mental health services; the present study shows how the situations coexist. “Throwing more money” at the pre-existing structures may do nothing to address the structural imbalance problem. Remedies are discussed by reference to the reforms undertaken in the British National Health Service in recent years.

Achieving Effective Collaborations to help Communities Age Well

2009-04-07T00:00:00Z

Effective policy responses to the ageing of the population are a priority area for government and non-government agencies across Australia, particularly at the community level. This article focuses on the policy goal of ageing well at the local level, and more specifically, the strong principle of collaboration that underpins this goal. Too little is known about how to achieve effective collaboration in the ageing field. This article aims to address this by developing an analytical framework from the broad literature on collaborative processes, and applying this framework to data collected from interviews with stakeholders in ageing across two local communities in Queensland. While participants recognise the importance and strength of working together and provide local examples of how this has been achieved effectively, they also acknowledge the associated challenges and complexity. This all spanned the six factors of the framework: the context of ageing; the characteristics and relationships between partners; the need for adequate procedures; as well as structure and relationships aimed at building capacity; a shared sense of purpose; and access to adequate resources.

Achieving nitrogen removal via nitrite in a pilot-scale continuous pre-denitrification plant

2009-06-23T11:15:43Z

Nitrogen removal via nitrite (the nitrite pathway) is beneficial for carbon-limited biological wastewater treatment plants. However, partial nitrification to nitrite has proven difficult in continuous processes treating domestic wastewater. The nitrite pathway is achieved in this study in a pilot-scale continuous pre-denitrification plant (V = 300 L) treating domestic wastewater by controlling the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration at 0.4–0.7 mg/L. It is demonstrated that the nitrite pathway could be repeatedly and reliably achieved, with over 95% of the oxidized nitrogen compounds at the end of the aerobic zone being nitrite. The nitrite pathway improved the total nitrogen (TN) removal by about 20% in comparison to the nitrate pathway, and also reduced aeration costs by 24%. FISH analysis showed that the nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) population gradually reduced at low DO levels, and reached negligible levels when stable nitrite pathway was established. It is hypothesized that NOB was washed out due to its relatively lower affinity with oxygen. A lag phase was observed in the establishment of the nitrite pathway. Several sludge ages were required for the onset of the nitrite pathway after the application of low DO levels. However, nitrite accumulation increased rapidly after that. A similar lag phase was observed for the upset of the nitrite pathway when a DO concentration of 2–3 mg/L was applied. The nitrite pathway negatively impacted on the sludge settleability. A strong correlation between the sludge volume index and the degree of nitrite accumulation was observed.

Achieving optimal functional outcomes in community-based rehabilitation following acquired brain injury: A qualitative investigation of therapists' perspectives

Doig, E. og Fleming, J. og Kuipers, P. — 2009-01-12T00:00:00Z

The aim of this study was to explore therapists' opinions about the rehabilitation approaches that they perceived contributed to positive outcomes for people with acquired brain injury in community-based rehabilitation settings in order to develop a set of practice principles for clinicians working in this area. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight Australian and three British therapists, with a mean of 5.2 years' experience of working with people with acquired brain injury in community-based rehabilitation settings. The interviews were analysed thematically. A summary of the themes was presented to a larger group of acquired brain injury service providers (n = 35) for validation. The participants emphasised the importance of environmental factors, such as collaboration with and inclusion of others in rehabilitation, especially those in the person's support network. Strategy use, client-centred goal setting, the provision of education and the development of a therapeutic relationship were identified as facilitators in community-based rehabilitation. Problems with self-awareness and motivation, drug and alcohol use, and behavioural difficulties were commonly identified barriers to optimal outcomes. The key practice principles derived from the findings were the need for community-based rehabilitation for people with acquired brain injury to be (1) environment focused and contextually appropriate, (2) collaborative and (3) goal directed and client centred.

Achieving proactive supply chain control through exception-focused coordination

Xu, H. — 2009-03-23T00:00:00Z

Achieving the nitrite pathway using aeration phase length control and step-feed in an SBR removing nutrients from abattoir waste

2009-04-16T00:00:00Z

Acid-base effects of a bicarbonate-balanced priming fluid during cardiopulmonary bypass: comparison with Plasma-Lyte 148. A ramdomised single-blinded study

2009-03-27T00:00:00Z

A clinical prediction rule for identifying patients with patellofemoral pain who are likely to benefit from foot orthoses: A preliminary determination

2009-03-10T13:21:53Z

A common RET variant is associated with reduced newborn kidney size and function

2009-04-08T16:07:17Z

A comparative assessment of suicide risk for young people in youth detention

2009-03-18T17:12:25Z

The aim of this study was to compare levels of agreement in the assessment of suicide risk by detention center staff procedures compared with those completed by a mental health clinician. Over a 6-month period, 64 young people (mean age 15.0 years; SDþ=_1.3) assessed as being acutely suicidal were referred for a clinical mental health assessment and completion of the Adolescent Suicide Questionnaire (ASQ ). Cohen’s kappa statistic was used to determine inter-judgmental agreement between the detention center, a clinical assessment and ASQ scores. Weak levels of agreement existed in the assessment of suicide. We recommend further work in this area and broad discussion toward development of national guidelines to standardize the assessment of suicide risk for young people in youth detention.

A comparative study of methanol as a supplementary carbon source for enhancing denitrification in primary and secondary anoxic zones

2009-06-23T00:00:00Z

A comparative study on the use of methanol as a supplementary carbon source to enhance denitrification in primary and secondary anoxic zones is reported. Three lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBR) were operated to achieve nitrogen and carbon removal from domestic wastewater. Methanol was added to the primary anoxic period of the first SBR, and to the secondary anoxic period of the second SBR. No methanol was added to the third SBR, which served as a control. The extent of improvement on the denitrification performance was found to be dependent on the reactor configuration. Addition to the secondary anoxic period is more effective when very low effluent nitrate levels are to be achieved and hence requires a relatively large amount of methanol. Adding a small amount of methanol to the secondary anoxic period may cause nitrite accumulation, which does not improve overall nitrogen removal. In the latter case, methanol should be added to the primary anoxic period. The addition of methanol can also improve biological phosphorus removal by creating anaerobic conditions and increasing the availability of organic carbon in wastewater for polyphosphate accumulating organisms. This potentially provides a cost-effective approach to phosphorus removal from wastewater with a low carbon content. New fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) probes targeting methanol-utilising denitrifiers were designed using stable isotope probing. Microbial structure analysis of the sludges using the new and existing FISH probes clearly showed that the addition of methanol stimulated the growth of specific methanol-utilizing denitrifiers, which improved the capability of sludge to use methanol and ethanol for denitrification, but reduced its capability to use wastewater COD for denitrification. Unlike acetate, long-term application of methanol has no negative impact on the settling properties of the sludge.

A comparison of antidepressant use in Nova Scotia, Canada and Australia

2008-11-27T12:24:52Z

A comparison of benzodiazepine and related drug use in Nova Scotia and Australia

2008-12-11T00:00:00Z

A comparison of epinephrine and norepinephrine in critically ill patients

2009-04-08T00:00:00Z

A comparison of Methods for Spatial-Temporal Forecasting With An Application To Real Estate Prices

2009-04-19T00:00:00Z

A comparison of posture and muscle activity during tablet computer, desktop computer and paper use by young children

2009-03-05T00:00:00Z

A comparison of two approaches to the treatment of chronic cough: Perceptual, acoustic, and electroglottographic outcomes

2009-04-01T00:00:00Z

Voice problems have been reported to occur in association with chronic cough (CC) and can interfere with quality of life. Voice symptoms can improve following behavioral intervention for CC that persists despite medical management; however, formal measures of voice changes have not been reported. The aim of this study was to measure the changes in perceptual, acoustic, and electroglottographic voice characteristics after a SPEech Pathology Intervention Program for CHronic Cough (SPEICH-C) compared to a Healthy Lifestyle Education intervention program (HLE control). Eighty-two participants with CC that was refractory to medical management were randomly allocated to receive either the SPEICH-C or an HLE control. Participants in the SPEICH-C group demonstrated a significant reduction in perceptual ratings of breathy, rough, strain, and glottal fry qualities (P<0.001) in comparison to the HLE control group. There was a significant improvement between pre- and postintervention maximum phonation time, jitter, and harmonic-to-noise ratio values in the SPEICH-C group; however, the magnitude of change was not significantly different between groups. There was no significant change in fundamental frequency, standard deviation of fundamental frequency, phonation range, or closed phase of vocal fold vibration after intervention for either group. These results demonstrated that SPEICH-C can improve perceptual aspects of voice quality suggesting that dysphonia may be a fundamental characteristic of CC.

A comparison study of regularization techniques on the theoretical design of phased array RF coils in MRI

2009-04-15T00:00:00Z

In MRI engineering, regularization techniques can be effectively used to solve ill-posed problems in electromagnetics, such as the inverse design of phased array RF coils. In this work, a comparison on various regularization methods which are employed to numerically reconstruct a divergence-free cylindrical surface of current distribution is investigated. It is found that a coil current pattern is very sensitive to the modes of the basis function describing the current densities on the coil surface; and iterative regularization techniques generally produce better B1 field profiles compared with direct approaches.

A complex of putative acanthocolpid cercariae (Digenea) from Nassarius olivaceus and N. dorsatus (Gastropoda: Nassariidae) in Central Queensland, Australia

2008-05-01T16:48:34Z

Cercariae capricornia I–VI, six new cercariae putatively identified as belonging to the Acanthocolpidae, are described and named from prosobranch gastropods of the family Nassariidae collected from the intertidal zone in the Capricornia region, Central Queensland, Australia. Four species are reported from Nassarius olivaceus and two from N. dorsatus. The cercariae have a unique and complex three-dimensional body shape, including a keel, which differentiates them from previously described acanthocolpid cercariae. These are the first cercariae to be described from these gastropods.

A concept inventory for Molecular Life Sciences: How will it help your teaching practice?

2009-10-02T00:00:00Z

A contingent valuation study of scuba diving benefits: Case study in Mu Ko Similan Marine National Park, Thailand

Asafu-Adjaye, John og Tapsuwan, Sorada — 2009-04-16T00:00:00Z

A cooperative research model - biological control of Parkinsonia aculeata and Landcare groups in northern Australia

Galea, V. J. — 2009-04-19T11:22:44Z

A cost-effectiveness analysis of a community pharmacist-based smoking cessation programme in Thailand

Thavorne, K. og Chaiyakunapruk, N. — 2009-04-15T00:00:00Z

A cost minimisation analysis of a telepaediatric otolaryngology service

2009-03-23T00:00:00Z