List of Records in School of Animal Studies Publications - UQ eSpace

A career devoted to poultry science: The contribution of R B Cumming (1928-2003)

2007-08-24T12:42:53Z

A cat's sense of touch

Blackshaw, J. K. — 2007-08-14T16:27:08Z

A comparative investigation into the osmotic tolerance of wombat and koala spermatozoa

2007-08-24T00:47:33Z

A comparison of glucose - insulin regulation in thoroughbreds and Australian stockhorses.

2007-08-23T22:33:58Z

A comparison of the carcasses of lot fed goats and pasture fed goats.

Flint, M. og Murray, P. J. — 2008-06-06T17:07:16Z

A comparison of the excretion rate of endogenous purine derivatives in the urine of Bos indicus and Bos taurus steers

2007-08-15T09:40:35Z

Estimates of microbial crude protein (MCP) production by ruminants, using a method based on the excretion of purine derivatives in urine, require an estimate of the excretion of endogenous purine derivatives (PD) by the animal. Current methods allocate a single value to all cattle. An experiment was carried out to compare the endogenous PD excretion in Bos taurus and high-content B. indicus ( hereafter, B. indicus) cattle. Five Holstein - Friesian ( B. taurus) and 5 Brahman (> 75% B. indicus) steers ( mean liveweight 326 +/- 3.0 kg) were used in a fasting study. Steers were fed a low-quality buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris; 59.4 g crude protein/kg dry matter) hay at estimated maintenance requirements for 19 days, after which hay intake was incrementally reduced for 2 days and the steers were fasted for 7 days. The excretion of PD in urine was measured daily for the last 6 days of the fasting period and the mean represented the daily endogenous PD excretion. Excretion of endogenous PD in the urine of B. indicus steers was less than half that of the B. taurus steers ( 190 mu mol/kg W-0.75. day v. 414 mu mol/kg W-0.75. day; combined s.e. 37.2 mu mol/kg W-0.75. day; P< 0.001). It was concluded that the use of a single value for endogenous PD excretion is inappropriate for use in MCP estimations and that subspecies-specific values would improve precision.

Actin localisation and the effect of cytochalasin D on the osmotic tolerance of cauda epedidymidal kangaroo spermatozoa

2007-08-15T08:23:34Z

This study examined the hypothesis that filamentous actin associated with the complex cytoskeleton of the kangaroo sperm head and tail may be contributing to lack of plasma membrane plasticity and a consequent loss of membrane integrity during cryopreservation. In the first study, the distribution of G and F actin within Eastern Grey Kangaroo (EGK, Macropus giganteus) cauda epididymidal spermatozoa was successfully detected using DNAse-FITC and a monoclonal F-actin antibody (ab205, Abcam), respectively. G-actin staining was most intense in the acrosome but was also observed with less intensity over the nucleus and mid-piece. F-actin was located in the sperm nucleus but was not discernable in the acrosome or sperm tail. To investigate whether cytochalasin D (a known F-actin depolymerising agent) was capable of improving the osmotic tolerance of EGK cauda epididymal spermatozoa, sperm were incubated in hypo-osmotic media (61 and 104 mOsm) containing a range of cytochalasin D concentrations (0-200 mu M). Cytochalasin D had no beneficial effect on plasma membrane integrity of sperm incubated in hypo-osmotic media. However, when EGK cauda epididymidal sperm were incubated in isosmotic media, there was a progressive loss of sperm motility with increasing cytochalasin D concentration. The results of this study indicated that the F-actin distribution in cauda epididymidal spermatozoa of the EGK was surprisingly different from that of the Tammar Wallaby (M. eugenii) and that cytochalasin-D does not appear to improve the tolerance of EGK cauda epididymidal sperm to osmotically induced injury.

Acupuncture - A history of ideas.

Bridgeman, S. R. og Dingle, J. G. — 2007-08-24T01:56:07Z

Acute and chronic toxicology of mycotoxins in animal production.

Bryden, W. L. — 2007-08-23T20:19:03Z

A descriptive study of the sternal and lateral recumbency behaviour of two show horses during transportation to different environments

Bridgeman, J. og Hohenhaus, M. A. — 2007-08-23T22:34:00Z

Adoption of tropical legume technology around the world: analysis of success

2007-08-15T07:43:34Z

Adoption of tropical legume technology around the world: analysis of success

2007-12-20T11:30:59Z

Advances in evaluating and altering the rumen microbial ecosystem

2009-11-20T08:23:04Z

Agnostic behaviour of red deer hinds given a supplement

Sydenham, C. og Dryden, Gordon M. — 2008-05-12T09:35:35Z

A Kinetic Model of the Nutritional Regulation of Forage Intake and Fibre Utilisation by Ruminants

2009-04-03T11:45:37Z

A lack of predatory interaction between rumen ciliate protozoa and Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli

2009-11-17T12:00:16Z

Amino acid analysis of horse serum by a new gas chromatography method

2007-08-23T22:34:02Z

Amino acid digestibility and growth performance interactions to phytase and lysine supplementation of lysine-deficient broiler diets.

2007-08-23T20:39:11Z

Amino acid digestibility measurements in poultry present status and future directions

Ravindran, V. og Bryden, W. L. — 2009-03-23T11:12:13Z

Amino acid digestibility measurements of feedstuffs - lessons from poultry studies

Ravindran, V. og Bryden, W. L. — 2009-03-26T13:02:00Z

It is now accepted that the analysis of ileal contents rather than of excreta is a more reliable method for assessing amino acid (AA) digestibility of feedstuffs for poultry. However, a major problem faced by the users of currently available digestibility databases is the confusion that exists about various terminologies used to describe AA digestibility, highlighting the need in the industry to agree on a standard methodology to measure and describe AA digestibility estimates. Lessons learnt from ileal digestibility assays, which were developed in our Laboratory for a large-scale survey of poultry feedstuffs, will be discussed and a standard mehodology for poultry digestibility assays will be presented. The relative merits of apparent and true digestible AA systems, however, will continue to be a subject of debate among nutritionists. The measurement of true digestibility includes a correction for endogenous AA secretions determined in the same digestibility assay. The concept of standardized digestibility system that overcomes the limitations of apparent and true digestible AA systems will be discussed. This system is comparable to true digestibility system, with the only difference being that it involves a correction for basal endogenous losses that need not be determined in the same digestibility assay. The basal endogenous AA loss is dened as the minimal loss of endogenous AA which occurs irrespective of feed ingredient or dietary composition and could be measured by feeding of low levels of highly digestible proteins (e.g. casein, wheat gluten) or the regression method. However, only limited published data is available on the endogenous amino acid losses at the distal data is available on the endogenous amino acid losses at the distal ileum of poultry. Since the transformation to standardized digestibility values will require reliable estimates of basal endogenous amino acid losses at the ileal level, further research on this subject is warranted. Some key areas for future research will be highlighted.

Ammonia-hyperproducing bacteria from New Zealand ruminants

2009-11-17T12:00:10Z

Pasture-grazed dairy cows, deer, and sheep were tested for the presence of ammonia-hyperproducing (HAP) bacteria in roll tubes containing a medium in which tryptone and Casamino Acids were the sole nitrogen and energy sources. Colonies able to grow on this medium represented 5.2, 1.3, and 11.6% of the total bacterial counts of dairy cows, deer, and sheep, respectively. A total of 14 morphologically distinct colonies were purified and studied further. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of 16S rRNA genes indicated that all isolates differed from the previously described HAP bacteria, Clostridium aminophilum, Clostridium sticklandii, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. Carbon source utilization experiments showed that five isolates (C2, D1, D4, D5, and S1) were unable to use any, or very few, of the carbon sources tested. Biochemical tests and phylogenetic analyses of 16S ribosomal DNA sequences indicated that all isolates were monensin sensitive; that D1 and S1 belonged to the genus Peptostreptococcus, that D4 and D5 belonged to the family Bacteroidaceae, where D4 was similar to Fusobacterium necrophorum; and that C2 was most similar to an unidentified species from the genus Eubacterium. Growth on liquid medium containing tryptone and Casamino Acids as the sole nitrogen and energy source showed that D1, D4, and S1 grew rapidly (specific growth rates of 0.40, 0.35, and 0.29 h-1, respectively), while C2 and D5 were slow growers (0.25 and 0.10 h-1, respectively). Ammonia production rates were highest in D1 and D4, which produced 945.5 and 748.3 nmol/min per mg of protein, respectively. Tests of individual nitrogen sources indicated that D1 and D4 grew best on tryptone, S1 grew equally well on Casamino Acids or tryptone, and C2 and D5 grew poorly on all nitrogen sources. The intact proteins casein and gelatin did not support significant growth of any of the isolates. These isolates extend the diversity of known HAP rumen bacteria and indicate the presence of significant HAP bacterial populations in pasture-grazed New Zealand ruminants.

Analysis of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase gene sequences from acetogenic bacteria in the forestomach contents of Eastern Grey and Red kangaroos

2009-11-23T13:57:00Z

An approach to identifying factors affecting milk protein concentration in dairy cattle

2007-08-24T00:31:28Z

Milk protein production can be influenced by several factors, including environment, disease status, parity, stage of lactation, breed, genetic merit and the nutritional status of the animal (DePeters and Cant 1992). A combination of, or an interaction between, these factors can significantly affect milk protein production. Our study aims to identify the main factors affecting milk protein concentration in dairy cattle in the south-east Queensland region.

An assessment of future trends and needs in the Northern Australian Dairy Industry

2008-06-06T14:29:09Z

Anesthesia of captive African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) using a medetomidine-ketamine-atropine combination

2007-08-15T08:25:26Z

Seven captive male African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) weighing 25-32 kg each, were anesthetized by i.m. injection via hand syringe with a combination of 1.5 mg/kg ketamine, 40 mu g/kg medetomidine, and 0.05 mg/kg atropine. Following endotracheal intubation, each animal was connected to a bain closed-circuit system that delivered 1.5% isoflurane and 2 L/min oxygen. Atipamezole (0.1 mg/kg i.v.; 0.1 mg/kg i.m.) was given at the end of each procedure (60 min following injection of medetomidine/ketamine/atropine). Time to sternal recumbency was 5-8 min. Times to standing after atipamezole administration were 8-20 min. This anesthetic regimen was repeated on three separate occasions (September 2000, February 2002, and October 2002) on all males to perform electroejaculation procedures. Each procedure was < 80 min from injection to standing. Dogs showed excellent muscle relaxation during the procedures. Arterial blood samples were collected at 10-min intervals for blood gases in one procedure (September 2000). Separate venous samples were taken from each dog during each procedure for hematology and biochemistry. These values were within the normal range for this species. Arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) were monitored continuously in addition to other anesthesia monitoring procedures (body temperature, respiratory rate [RR], capillary refill time, blink response, pupil position, deep pain perception reflex). All dogs maintained relatively stable SpO2 profiles during monitoring, with a mean (+/- SD) SpO2 of 92% +/- 5.4%. All other physiological variables (HR, RR, body temperature, blood pressure) were within normal limits. Following each procedure, normal behavior was noted in all dogs. All the dogs were reunited into the pack at completion of their anesthetic procedures. An injectable medetomidine-ketamine-atropine combination with maintenance by gaseous isoflurane and oxygen provides an inexpensive, reliable anesthetic for captive African wild dogs.

An evaluation of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on avian immunity.

2007-08-23T20:39:19Z

An evaluation of genetic analyses, skull morphology and visual appearance for assessing dingo purity: implications for dingo conservation

2009-04-15T16:56:48Z

The introgression of domestic dog genes into dingo populations threatens the genetic integrity of ‘pure’ dingoes. However, dingo conservation efforts are hampered by difficulties in distinguishing between dingoes and hybrids in the field. This study evaluates consistency in the status of hybridisation (i.e. dingo, hybrid or dog) assigned by genetic analyses, skull morphology and visual assessments. Of the 56 south-east Queensland animals sampled, 39 (69.6%) were assigned the same status by all three methods, 10 (17.9%) by genetic and skull methods, four (7.1%) by genetic and visual methods; and two (3.6%) by skull and visual methods. Pair-wise comparisons identified a significant relationship between genetic and skull methods, but not between either of these and visual methods. Results from surveying 13 experienced wild dog managers showed that hybrids were more easily identified by visual characters than were dingoes. A more reliable visual assessment can be developed through determining the relationship between (1) genetics and phenotype by sampling wild dog populations and (2) the expression of visual characteristics from different proportions and breeds of domestic dog genes by breeding trials. Culling obvious hybrids based on visual characteristics, such as sable and patchy coat colours, should slow the process of hybridisation.

A new heat load index for feedlot cattle

2009-04-02T15:25:05Z

Animal experts answer your questions

Blackshaw, J. K. — 2007-08-14T18:24:38Z

Animal handling as an integrated component of animal and veterinary science programs at the University of Queensland

2008-05-06T11:18:08Z

Animal Nutrition Science

Dryden, Gordon McL. — 2009-04-15T16:43:33Z

Animal production: Monochrone or technicolour

Young, B. og Goodwin, P. J. og Liang, J.B. — 2007-08-24T00:49:49Z

Animal welfare and wildlife care

Tribe, A. og Hanger, J — 2007-08-24T02:14:28Z

ANIM2012 Animal Husbandry Introductory Book

Hohenhaus, M.A. — 2007-08-10T12:19:06Z

ANIM2012 Animal Husbandry Study Book

Hohenhaus, M.A. — 2007-08-10T12:19:08Z

An introduction to animal behaviour

Blackshaw, J. K. — 2008-06-10T11:53:51Z

An investigation into the extent and causes of leucaena toxicity in Queensland

Dalzell, S. A. — 2007-08-14T13:46:35Z

An in vitro assay of the degradative activity of a fibrolytic enzyme against various feed substrates.

2007-08-23T19:42:42Z

An in vitro cultured rumen inoculum improves nitrogen digestion in mulga-fed sheep

2009-11-17T12:02:16Z

Mixed cultures of anaerobic micro-organisms were derived from feral goat rumen fluid (FGRF) using a laboratory fermentor to selectively culture microbes actively degrading mulga, and were evaluated as rumen inocula in digestion and liveweight studies with mulga-fed sheep. When placed in the rumen of sheep, FGRF enhances mulga digestion; however, limited supplies of feral goats, the labour involved in locating and mustering goats, and likely variations in the microbial composition of FGRF between animals and localities make the production of an in vitro cultured inoculum a desirable alternative to enable widespread adoption. The cultured inoculum significantly (P < 0·05) improved nitrogen digestion and retention in mulga-fed sheep by 16 and 76%, respectively. Inocula consisting of simplified mixtures of bacteria isolated from sheep, feral goats, and native marsupials did not affect mulga digestion. In the first of 2 liveweight studies, sheep inoculated with the fermentor inoculum lost significantly less weight than uninoculated sheep for the first 57 days (0·3 v. 4·6 kg); however, after 83 days the difference in the rate of liveweight loss between the fermentor inoculum group and the uninoculated sheep was not significant (53 v. 95 g/day). In the second study, liveweight loss was not significantly reduced by the fermentor inoculum. An inoculum based on FGRF, and produced in vitro using a fermentor, is potentially valuable to grazing enterprises reliant on mulga-fed sheep. However, problems in generating a consistent inoculum need to be addressed before such an inoculum can be generally considered.

An in vitro fermented inoculum improves nitrogen digestion in mulga (Acacia aneura) fed sheep

2009-11-19T14:03:40Z

A note on a comparison of the feeding value of sweet potato vines and lucerne meal for broiler chickens

2008-06-10T12:02:36Z

The chemical composition of sun-dried sweet potato vines (SPV) and lucerne meal showed high levels (g/kg DM) of neutral detergent fibre, ash and protein of 364 and 352, 178 and 100, and 191 and 182, respectively. Amino acid analysis showed modest levels of lysine, threonine and the sulfur amino acids in both meals but concentrations of these amino acids were generally higher in lucerne meal than SPV meal despite similar crude protein values. Mineral analysis showed a useful amount of Ca (10 g/kg) in both meals. When SPV meal replaced lucerne meal at 0-160 g/kg diet, broilers grown to 21 days showed no differences (p>0.05) in growth rate, food intake or food efficiency. The apparent metabolisable energy (MJ/kg) of diets containing 40 and 80 g SPV/kg was higher (14.1-14.6) than the specific dietary concentrations of SPV at other levels. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

An overview of Sub-Tropical and Tropical deer production systems

2008-06-10T12:18:03Z

An Overview of the Incorporation of Management Systems for Red and Rusa Deer in Queensland Within a Decision Support System

Sinclair, S. og Rickert, K. — 2008-06-10T11:44:50Z

A perspective of Japanese acupuncture from Down Under: Adapting meridian acupuncture diagnosis, acupoints and location needle techniques, moxibustion and tools to veterinary practice.

Bridgeman, S. R. og Dingle, J. G. — 2007-08-24T01:56:13Z

Apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of Australian sorghum

2007-08-23T21:59:53Z

Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in dietary ingredients for broiler chickens

2007-08-15T06:49:40Z

The apparent ileal digestibility coefficients of amino acids in 107 samples representing 22 food ingredients were determined using 6-week-old broiler chickens. The ingredients assayed included five cereals ( barley, maize, sorghum, triticale and wheat), two cereal by-products ( rice polishings and wheat middlings), four oilseed meals ( canola, cottonseed, soyabean and sunflower meals), full-fat canola, maize gluten meal, four grain legumes ( chickpeas, faba beans,field peas and lupins) and five animal protein sources ( blood, feather,fish, meat and meat and bone meals). The mean ileal digestibility coefficients of amino acids in wheat and maize were higher than those in sorghum, triticale and barley. However, variations observed in individual amino acid digestibilities among samples within cereal type were greater than those determined between cereals. Threonine and lysine were the least digestible indispensable amino acids in the five cereals evaluated. The most digestible indispensable amino acid was phenylalanine in wheat and, leucine in maize and sorghum. In the case of the wheat middlings and rice polishings, threonine was the least digestible indispensable amino acid and arginine was the best digested. In the oilseed meals assayed, amino acid digestibility was highest for soya-bean and sunflower meals, intermediate for canola meal and lowest for cottonseed meal. Ileal digestibility coefficients of amino acids in lupins were found to be slightly lower than those in soya-bean meal. The amino acid digestibilities of field peas, faba beans and chickpeas were considerably lower than those of lupins. Digestibility of arginine was the highest and that of threonine was the lowest of the indispensable amino acids in oilseed meals and grain legumes, except in cottonseed meal. Lysine was the least digestible amino acid in cottonseed meal. In the animal protein sources assayed, digestibility coefficients of amino acids in blood meal were high, intermediate in fish meal, and low in meat meal, meat and bone meal and feather meal. Variation in amino acid digestibility coefficients determined for blood meal samples was small. However, wide variations in amino acid digestibilities were observed for other animal protein sources, highlighting significant batch-to-batch differences. In particular, marked variations were determined for meat meal and meat and bone meal samples. Cystine was the least digested amino acid in animal protein meals, with the exception of blood meal in which isoleucine had the lowest digestibility. The limitations of using apparent digestibility values in diet formulations and the concept of the standardized digestibility system to overcome these limitations are discussed.

Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in feed ingredients determined with broilers and layers

2008-05-06T10:57:13Z

The apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in eight feed ingredients were determined using broilers and layers. The ingredients included three cereals (wheat, sorghum and maize), one cereal by-product (wheat middlings), three oilseed meals (canola, cottonseed and soybean meals) and one animal protein meal (meat and bone meal). Dietary protein in the assay diets was supplied solely by the test ingredient. All diets contained 20 g kg-1 acid-insoluble ash as an indigestible marker, and each diet was offered ad libitum in mash form to five replicate pens of 42-day-old broilers and 60-week-old layers. The digestibility coefficients of most amino acids for wheat and sorghum were similar (P > 0.05) in broilers and layers. The digestibility of most amino acids for maize was higher (P < 0.05) in broilers compared to those in layers. The digestibility of individual amino acid for wheat middlings was higher (P < 0.05) in layers than in broilers. In general, the digestibility of amino acids for cottonseed meal, soybean meal, and meat and bone meal were similar (P > 0.05) between broilers and layers. The influence of class of bird on digestibility in canola meal was variable. The digestibility of threonine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid and alanine were higher (P < 0.05), and those of methionine, histidine and lysine were lower (P < 0.05) in broilers compared to layers. These results suggest that the practice of using amino acid digestibility values generated with broilers for layers may not be appropriate for all feed ingredients. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry

Application of bioimpedance for the determination of equine body composition

2007-08-23T21:57:32Z

Applications of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy in the Australian deer industry.

Dryden, G. M. — 2007-08-23T19:44:15Z

A rare autosomal recessive condition, congenital erythropoietic porphyria, found in the canefield rat Rattus sordidus Gould 1858

Dario F. Rivera og Luke K.-P Leung — 2009-04-16T09:34:09Z